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. 2019 Sep 11;7:617. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00617

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Copyright © 2019 Victorious, Saha, Pandey, Didar and Soleymani.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Principles of signal transduction in PEC biosensors (a) introduction of photoactive species, (b) generation of electron/hole donors, (c) use of steric hinderance, (d) in situ induction of light, and (e) resonance energy transfer.