Table 1.

The identified metabolites from NMR spectra of the control and SHR-N rats’ serum samples.

Metabolites	Chemical shift (ppm)(multiplicity)	pa	VIP	FCb
Isoleucine	0.94(t);1.01(d)	0.00	1.81	0.82
3-aminoisobutyrate	1.23(d)	0.01	1.60	1.15
3-Hydroxybutyrate	2.31(m); 2.41(m); 4.16(m)	0.00	2.01	1.36
Alanine	1.48(d)	0.00	2.00	1.18
Asparagine	2.87(m); 2.96(m)	0.03	1.36	1.22
Aspartate	2.69(s)	0.00	2.10	1.40
Betaine	3.27(s); 3.91(s)	0.00	1.98	0.85
choline	3.20(s)	0.00	1.98	3.20
cytidine	6.07(d)	0.00	1.77	0.44
formate	8.46(s)	0.02	1.41	0.83
Fumarate	6.53(s)	0.02	1.37	1.70
glucose	3.42(t); 3.54(dd); 3.72(t); 3.74(m); 3.84(m); 5.24(d)	0.00	2.01	0.78
glutamate	2.08(m); 2.15(m);2.35(m)	0.00	2.50	1.54
glutamine	2.14(m); 2.45(m); 3.80(m)	0.00	1.82	1.21
glycerol	3.58(m); 3.66(m); 3.80(m)	0.04	1.27	0.87
glycine	3.56(s)	0.00	2.06	0.84
lactate	1.33(s); 4.11(q)	0.00	1.69	1.32
LDL/VLDL	0.89(br); 1.31(br); 1.57(br)	0.01	1.52	0.56
Lipids	2.10(br); 2.24(br),5.31(br)	0.00	1.71	0.90
Lysine	1.86(m); 1.88(m); 3.03(t); 3.76(t)	0.02	1.39	0.74
methionine	2.14(s); 2.64(t)	0.00	2.08	1.24
myo-Inositol	3.28(t); 3.63(t); 4.07(t)	0.00	2.32	1.25
pyruvate	2.37(s)	0.00	2.58	1.45
serine	3.83(m); 3.98(m)	0.01	1.66	1.13
threonine	4.28(m)	0.03	1.35	1.21
N,N-dimethylglycine	2.93(s)	0.00	1.72	0.76
tyrosine	6.89(d); 7.19(d)	0.00	1.82	1.29
valine	0.99(d); 1.04(d); 2.27(m)	0.047	1.23	1.09

^aThe p values were obtained from student’s t-test. The chemical shifts in boldface were what we used in calculating integrals and p values.

^bFC, Fold change values; the increased and the decreased in each group.