Table 2.
Comparison of the DERS scores based on gender, age, and gambling preference.
| Women (n = 34) |
Men (n = 450) |
ANOVA adjusted for patients’ age and gambling severity |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | MD | F-stat | p | |d| | |
| DERS non-acceptance of emotions | 15.13 | 5.17 | 17.55 | 6.82 | 2.42 | 4.655 | .031* | 0.40 |
| DERS goal-directed behaviors | 13.93 | 4.54 | 14.12 | 4.85 | 0.19 | .058 | .810 | 0.04 |
| DERS impulse control | 14.50 | 5.57 | 13.99 | 5.72 | 0.50 | .287 | .593 | 0.09 |
| DERS lack of emotional awareness | 16.82 | 3.78 | 16.62 | 4.57 | 0.20 | .058 | .810 | 0.05 |
| DERS emotion regulation | 18.85 | 6.37 | 19.62 | 7.94 | 0.77 | .343 | .558 | 0.11 |
| DERS emotional clarity | 11.99 | 4.49 | 11.94 | 4.16 | 0.05 | .005 | .942 | 0.01 |
| DERS total score | 91.20 | 20.69 | 93.70 | 25.18 | 2.50 | .380 | .538 | 0.11 |
|
1Age: 18–40 (n = 252) |
1Age: 41–75 (n = 232) |
ANOVA adjusted for gender and gambling severity |
||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | MD | F-stat | p | |d| | |
| DERS non-acceptance of emotions | 16.19 | 6.61 | 18.68 | 6.80 | 2.48 | 18.251 | <.001* | 0.37 |
| DERS goal-directed behaviors | 13.85 | 4.86 | 14.39 | 4.79 | 0.53 | 1.623 | .203 | 0.11 |
| DERS impulse control | 13.75 | 5.90 | 14.33 | 5.50 | 0.58 | 1.434 | .232 | 0.10 |
| DERS lack of emotional awareness | 16.41 | 4.38 | 16.87 | 4.67 | 0.47 | 1.200 | .274 | 0.10 |
| DERS emotion regulation | 18.28 | 7.79 | 20.97 | 7.85 | 2.69 | 15.754 | <.001* | 0.34 |
| DERS emotional clarity | 11.56 | 4.10 | 12.37 | 4.27 | 0.81 | 4.642 | .032* | 0.19 |
| DERS total score | 89.83 | 25.16 | 97.61 | 24.50 | 7.77 | 13.611 | <.001* | 0.31 |
| Non-strategic (n = 346) |
Strategic (n = 138) |
ANOVA adjusted for gender, age, and gambling severity |
||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | MD | F-stat | p | |d| | |
| DERS non-acceptance of wemotions | 17.63 | 17.72 | 16.76 | 16.54 | 0.88 | 1.667 | .197 | 0.05 |
| DERS goal-directed behaviors | 13.87 | 13.80 | 14.71 | 14.88 | 0.84 | 2.968 | .086 | 0.06 |
| DERS impulse control | 13.89 | 13.82 | 14.37 | 14.56 | 0.48 | .698 | .404 | 0.03 |
| DERS lack of emotional awareness | 16.57 | 16.66 | 16.79 | 16.57 | 0.22 | .201 | .654 | 0.01 |
| DERS emotion regulation | 19.61 | 19.65 | 19.46 | 19.35 | 0.15 | .036 | .849 | 0.01 |
| DERS emotional clarity | 11.95 | 11.97 | 11.93 | 11.88 | 0.03 | .004 | .952 | 0.00 |
| DERS total score | 93.26 | 93.38 | 94.14 | 93.87 | 0.88 | .130 | .719 | 0.01 |
1Groups of age defined by the median of the chronological age in the sample (40 years old).
SD, standard deviation; MD, mean difference.
*Bold: significant comparison (.05).