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. 2019 Sep 11;10:2164. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02164

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Copyright © 2019 Segerberg, Lundtoft, Reid, Hjorton, Leonard, Nordmark, Carlsten and Hagberg.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Autoantibodies to KIRs are present in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis. (A) IgG-binding to KIR transfectants in sera from 100 healthy donors (HD), 191 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 119 primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and 48 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Dotted lines denote a z-score of ±4. (B) Frequency of HD and patients displaying anti-KIR reactivity to at least 1 KIR. (C) The number of KIRs recognized by the anti-KIR-positive sera. (D) A heatmap visualizing the KIR-specificity in individual SLE patients. Each column represent serum from one patient and each row one KIR. The number of sera reacting with each KIR is denoted to the right. (E) The strongest KIR-reactivity in each sera in SLE patients reacting with 1, 2, 3, or >3 KIRs. Dotted line indicates a z-score of 10. Differences between groups were assessed using the (B) Fischer's exact test or (E) Mann-Whitney U-test.