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. 2019 Sep 11;10:2164. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02164

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Copyright © 2019 Segerberg, Lundtoft, Reid, Hjorton, Leonard, Nordmark, Carlsten and Hagberg.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The presence of anti-KIR autoantibodies to >3 KIRs is associated with an increased risk for nephritis and the presence of anti-Sm antibodies. (A,B,D) Forest plots depicting the relative risk and 95% confidence intervals of fulfilling clinical characteristics as specified. (A,B) The relative risk of SLE patients presenting with 1, 2, 3, or >3 anti-KIR autoantibodies compared to anti-KIR-negative patients. (C) The strongest levels of anti-KIR autoantibodies in anti-KIR-positive SLE patients stratified by the presence (n = 21) or absence (n = 23) of nephritis. The median values are denoted with vertical bars. (D) The relative risk of fulfilling the ACR criteria for nephritis in patients positive relative to negative for the indicated autoantibodies. (A,B,D) Fischer's exact test with p < 0.05 denoted in the graphs. (C) Mann-Whitney U-test.