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. 2019 Sep 11;10:2110. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02110

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Copyright © 2019 Tamaki, Sato, Tsugawa, Fujioka, Yagishita, Araya, Yamauchi, Coler-Reilly, Nagasaka, Hasegawa, Yamano and Tsuboi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison of pre-treatment marker values between responders and non-responders to steroid therapy. Responders (n = 9) refer to patients who showed improved Osame motor disability scores (OMDS) by one or more grade 1 month after the start of steroid therapy. Non-responders (n = 4) refer to patients who did not show any change in OMDS. The pre-treatment values of five CSF markers (CXCL10, neopterin, total protein, anti-HTLV-1 antibody titer, and cell count) and HTLV-1 proviral load in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were compared between responders and non-responders. Data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U test. Ab, antibody; PVL, proviral load; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells.