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. 2019 Aug 25;19(17):3690. doi: 10.3390/s19173690

Table 2.

Absolute percent differences (%Diff) between ANN-predicted peak, inverse dynamic-calculated peak, and summed vertical knee joint force (Fv). The superscript minus indicates an underestimation of the ANN.

Movement Task Discrete Biomechanical Metrics
Peak Fv Summed Fv
%Diff %Diff
Moderate running 10.0 (12.8) 3.0 (11.0)
Fast running 16.1 (34.2) 2.8 (15.5)
Running 90° clockwise turn 17.4 (36.3) 6.8 (15.2)
Running 90° counter-clockwise turn 19.3 (28.0) 2.3 (9.6)
Sprint start 24.9 (26.7) 1.5 (31.0)
Full-stop 3.3 (23.3) 2.6 (32.0)
Left-sided cutting maneuver 21.0 (25.6) 0.8 (15.8)
Right-sided cutting maneuver 17.2 (20.2) 1.9 (16.4)
Side shuffle cut 2.6 (19.3) 15.0 (7.3)
Walking 13.8 (16.2) 0.9 (9.3)
Walking 90° clockwise turn 8.7 (12.6) 2.1 (12.7)
Walking 90° counter-clockwise turn 19.5 (24.5) 2.6 (7.5)
One-leg jump take-off 8.0 (18.7) 6.5 (17.0)
One-leg jump landing 6.4 (12.6) 6.1 (10.5)
Two-leg jump take-off 60.8 (59.8) 16.1 (31.2)
Two-leg jump landing 22.9 (34.7) 19.5 (30.0)
Mean 17.0 (13.6) 5.7 (5.9)