Table 2.
Technical specifications for standardization bodies and special interest groups for IoT solutions [8]. ETSI, European Telecommunications Standards Institute.
| Standardization Bodies and Special Interest Groups |
Name | Modulation | Band | MAC | Data Rate | Coverage | Number of Channels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IEEE | 802.15.4 k | DSSS, FSK | ISM SUB-GHz and 2.4 GHz | CSMA/CA, ALOHA with PCA |
1.5–128 kbps | 5 km (urban) | multiple (depends on channel and modulation) |
| 802.15.4 g | FSK, OFDMA, OQPSK | ISM SUB-GHz and 2.4 GHz | CSMA/CA | 4.8–800 kbps | up to several km | multiple (depends on channel and modulation) | |
| Weightless-SIG | -W | 16QAM, DBPSK | TV white spaces (470–790 MHz) |
TDMA/FDMA | 1 kbps–10 Mbps | 5 km (urban) | 16 or 24 |
| -N | DBPSK | ISM SUB-GHz | ALOHA | 30–100 kbps | up to 3 km (urban) | multiple, 200 Hz each | |
| -P | GPSK, QPSK | ISM SUB-GHz or licensed | TDMA/FDMA | 200 bps–100 kbps | up to 2 km (urban) | multiple, 12.5 kHz each | |
| DASHAlliance | DASH7 | GFSK | SUB-GHz | CSMA/CA | 9.6,55.6 or 166.7 kbps | up to 5 km (urban) | multiple, 25 or 200 kHz each |
| 3GPP | EC-GSM | 8PSK, GMSK | Licensed GSM | TDMA/FDMA | 74–240 kbps | up to 15 km | 124 channels, 200 kHz each |
| NB-IoT | QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM |
Licensed LTE | SC-FDMA (UL) OFDMA (DL) 20 kbps (UL) 200 kbps (DL) |
35 km | multiple, 180 kHz each | ||
| eMTC | QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM |
Licensed LTE | OFDMA/SC-FDMA | 1 Mbps (UL,DL) | up to 15 km | multiple, 200 kHz each | |
| ETSI | LTN | BPSK (UL) GFSK (DL) or OSSS |
ISM SUB-GHz (433, 868 and 915 MHz) |
BPSK (UL) GFSK (DL) |
10–100 bps | up to 60 km | multiple, 200 Hz each |