The effects of pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeting human TGF-β1 (Polyamide) on the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and E-cadherin in the kidney with unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO) in marmosets with UUO. The left ureter was ligated, whereas, in the sham-operated marmosets, the left ureter was not disturbed. Marmosets with UUO were intravenously injected with Polyamide (1 mg/kg/week) through the tail vein for four weeks from one week after the operation. CUK, contralateral unobstructed kidney. Control marmosets with UUO were intravenously injected with the same amount of saline through the tail vein.