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(a) Schematic diagram of the clutch probe strategy for ctDNA detection, (b) hybridization of the sample onto PNA-probes-modified NMEs and DPV electrochemical detection, (c) sensor chip layout and cross-section of the chip at aperture (inset) and (d) scanning electron microscopy image of the nanostructured electrode. Reprinted and adapted from [25] with permission.
