Table 3. Association Between Forced Sexual Initiation and Reproductive, Gynecologic, and General Health Outcomes.
| Variable | First Sexual Experience, % | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forced (n = 3 351 733) | Voluntary (n = 48 250 002) | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | |
| Reproductive health measures, mean (95% CI) | ||||
| No. of pregnancies | 2.40 (2.2 to 2.6) | 1.90 (1.8 to 2.0) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7)b | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5)b |
| Age at first pregnancy, y | 20.6 (20.0 to 21.2) | 22.2 (22.0 to 22.4) | −1.6 (−2.2 to −1.0) b | −1.6 (−2.2 to −1.0)b |
| No. of lifetime sexual partners | 9.6 (8.3 to 10.9) | 7.4 (7.0 to 7.8) | 2.2 (0.9 to 3.5)b | 2.2 (0.5 to 3.5b |
| 1st Pregnancy unwanted | 30.1 | 18.9 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.3) | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.4) |
| Ever had abortion | 24.1 | 17.3 | 1.5 (1.2 to 2.0) | 1.5 (1.2 to 2.0) |
| Never used birth control | 2.6 | 0.9 | 3.1 (1.8 to 5.2) | 2.6 (1.6 to 4.4) |
| Use of fertility services | 10.5 | 9.5 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| Gynecologic health measures | ||||
| Recent cervical cancer screeningc | 27.4 | 25.4 | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) |
| Never had HIV testing | 16.0 | 18.6 | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) |
| Fibroids | 8.0 | 6.8 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) |
| PID | 8.1 | 3.4 | 2.5 (1.7 to 3.8) | 2.2 (1.5 to 3.4) |
| Endometriosis | 10.4 | 6.5 | 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3) |
| Problems with ovulation or menstruation | 27.0 | 17.1 | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.3) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.3) |
| General health measures | ||||
| Diabetes | 8.7 | 6.5 | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.8) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) |
| BMI>30 | 43.1 | 39.0 | 1.2 (0.98 to 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) |
| Current smoking | 25.5 | 22.8 | 1.2 (0.96 to 1.4) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.4) |
| Binge drinking alcohol used | 12.5 | 12.5 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.5) |
| Illicit drug usee | 2.6 | 0.7 | 3.8 (2.0 to 7.3) | 3.6 (1.8 to 7.0) |
| Fair or poor health | 15.5 | 7.5 | 2.3 (1.7 to 3.1) | 2.0 (1.5 to 2.7) |
| Difficulty completing tasks outside the home | 9.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 (2.2 to 4.1) | 2.8 (2.0 to 3.9) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); PID, pelvic inflammatory disease.
a
Adjusted odds ratios were controlled for age, poverty level, race/ethnicity, and place of birth.
b
Difference between groups measured.
c
Analyzed only for women aged 21 years and older.
d
Defined as consuming 4 or more drinks on 1 occasion during the past month.
e
Defined as self-reported cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, or injectable drug use in the past 12 months.