Table 4.
Added sugar intake by meal type, weekday and location at baseline and one year
| Location | Breakfast |
Lunch |
Dinner |
Snacks |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | One-year | Baseline | One-year | Baseline | One-year | Baseline | One-year | |
| At home | n=123 | n=146 | n=93 | n=91 | n=194 | n=176 | n=346 | n=262 |
| Added sugar intake (g/day) | 13.9 (10.3, 17.4) | 14.8 (11.5, 18.2) | 13.0 (9.0, 17.0) | 8.4 (4.4, 12.5)2 | 13.5 (10.6, 16.4) | 10.5 (7.4, 13.6)# | 15.1 (12.7, 17.5) | 8.6 (6.0, 11.3)1,2 |
| Added sugar (%) | 15.5 (12.2, 18.8) | 16.3 (13.3, 19.4) | 8.3 (4.6, 12.0) | 7.4 (3.7, 11.1) | 6.7 (4.1, 9.4) | 6.9 (4.1, 9.7) | 20.5 (17.9, 22.4) | 19.4(16.9, 21.8) |
| Away from home | n=30 | n=24 | n=55 | n=64 | n=7 | n=10 | n=131 | n=109 |
| Added sugar intake (g/day) | 14.5 (7.7, 21.3) | 11.2 (3.6, 18.9) | 11.1 (6.0, 16.3) | 9.2 (4.4, 14.0) | 14.7 (0.85, 28.5) | 16.2 (4.6, 27.8) | 14.1 (10.5, 17.6) | 10.8 (6.8, 14.6) |
| Added sugar (%) | 14.9 (8.5, 21.2) | 14.4 (7.3, 21.5) | 8.3 (3.5, 13.0) | 6.4 (2.0, 10.8) | 10.7 (−2.1, 2.4) | 10.1 (−0.7, 21.0) | 4.2 (20.8, 27.6) | 9.1 (15.3, 22.9) |
| Restaurant/ fast food | n=15 | n=5 | n=33 | n=23 | n=30 | n=24 | n=78 | n=4 |
| Added sugar intake (g/day) | 14.2 (4.7, 23.7) | 5.4 (−10.9, 21.6) | 20.5 (14.0, 27.0)4 | 10.7 (2.9, 18.5) | 19.2 (13.0, 25.3) | 16.3 (8.8, 23.8) | 16.0 (7.9, 24.1) | 8.2 (−9.9, 26.4) |
| Added sugar (%) | 9.1 (8.5, 21.2) | 7.6 (−7.7, 22.8) | 10.0 (4.0, 16.1) | 5.8 (−1.5, 13.0) | 8.9 (3.1, 14.6) | 8.8 (1.8, 15.8) | 21.5 (13.9, 29.0) | 4.1 ± 8.7 |
| Weekdays | n=102 | n=124 | n=115 | n=123 | n=148 | n=144 | n=332 | n=266 |
| Added sugar intake (g/day) | 13.5 (9.7, 17.4) | 12.1 (8.6, 15.6) | 11.5 (7.9, 15.2) | 9.2 (5.6, 12.7) | 13.3 (10.1, 16.5) | 10.0 (6.7, 13.3) | 12.4 (10.0, 14.8) | 8.3 (5.6, 10.9)1 |
| Added sugar (%) | 15.0 (11.4, 18.5) | 15.1 (11.8, 18.4) | 9.1 (5.7, 12.4) | 7.4 (4.1, 10.6) | 7.2 (4.2, 10.2) | 6.8 (3.8, 9.8) | 21.7 (17.3, 23.2) | 17.9(15.4, 20.4) |
| Weekend days | n=66 | n=51 | n=66 | n=55 | n=90 | n=66 | n=166 | n=109 |
| Added sugar intake (g/day) | 13.9 (9.2, 18.5) | 17.0 (11.8, 22.2) | 16.7 (12.1, 21.3) | 7.0 (1.9, 12.0)1 | 15.2 (11.3, 19.2) | 13.0 (8.3, 17.6) | 18.2 (15.1, 21.3)3 | 9.5 (5.8, 13.3)1 |
| Added sugar (%) | 14.4 (10.1, 18.8) | 16.7 (12.1, 21.8) | 7.6 (3.3, 11.8) | 5.1 (0.5, 9.9) | 7.2 (3.5, 10.9) | 7.8(3.6, 12.2) | 20.3 (17.3, 23.2) | 21.7(18.1, 25.3) |
All values are means (95% CI). Added sugar intakes per meal and added sugars as a percentage of total energy by meal were estimated by LSMEANS of PROC MIXED model in SAS. One gram of added sugars=3.87 calories.
n: The average number of times during the three 24HR given at the study point that participants ate the corresponding meal at the given location/day.
“At home”----meals were eaten at home; “Away from home”----meals were eaten at work, school, friend’s home, party, or reception; “Restaurant/fast food”----meals were eaten at a restaurant, cafeteria, fast food chains, take-out, or store.
P<0.05 and P values compared differences between baseline and one year.
P <0.05 and P values compared differences to breakfast at one year.
P <0.05 and P values compared differences to weekdays.
P <0.05 and P values compared differences between restaurant/fast food and eaten at home at the same time-point.