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. 2019 Sep 18;18:145. doi: 10.1186/s12939-019-1044-9

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Risk of catastrophic expenditure across regions NUT II – Adjusted Odds Ratios: 2005/06; 2010/11 and 2015/16. Notes: Odds Ratios are adjusted for household annual monetary income, household dimension, level of education of head of household, the presence of at least one elder member in household, rural vs urban area. The reference category for Regions is Madeira. The line AOR = 1 corresponds to equal risk of CHE, compared to Madeira. All coefficients are statistically significant at 1% in 2005 and 2010; in 2015, only the coefficients for North (p < 0.1), Lisbon Area (p < 0.1) and Alentejo (p < 0.05) are statistically significant