. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 18.

Published in final edited form as: Chin J Sociol. 2017 Nov 13;3(4):491–517. doi: 10.1177/2057150X17736664

Table 5.

Main Effect and Interaction Effect Coefficients of Behavioral Problems and Other Variables in the Multilevel Linear Regression Models of Years of Education

	Behavioral Problems Type
	Internalizing Problems	Externalizing Problems	Teacher-Reported Behavior Problems
Interaction 1: Gender
Male	0.02	0.38	0.47
Behavioral Problems	−0.03^*	−0.03^**	−0.08
Male ^* Behavioral Problems	0.01	−0.00	−0.10
Interaction 2: Early Academic Skills
Early Academic Skills	0.09^*	0.10^**	0.06
Behavioral Problems	−0.03	−0.03^*	−0.13
Early Academic Skills ^* Behavioral Problems	0.00	−0.00	0.00
Interaction 3: Family SES (I)
Father’s Education (Reference: Middle School)
None	−2.00⁺	−1.65⁺	0.97
Primary School	−0.86	−0.60	−0.69
High School or Above	2.21^*	1.98^*	2.87^*
Behavioral Problems	−0.03	−0.03^*	−0.03
Father’s Education ^* Behavioral Problems
None ^* Behavioral Problems	0.02	0.01	−0.15
Primary School ^* Behavioral Problems	0.02	0.01	0.03
High School or Above ^* Behavioral Problems	−0.03	−0.03	−0.12
Interaction 4: Family SES (II)
Family Income per Capita	−0.18	0.03	0.28
Behavioral Problems	−0.04^**	−0.04^***	−0.06
Family Income per Capita ^* Behavioral Problems	0.01^*	0.00	0.01
Interaction 5: Village
Number of Enterprises	0.26^*	0.10	0.17^**
Behavioral Problems	−0.02	−0.03^**	−0.06
Number of Enterprises ^* Behavioral Problems	−0.01^***	−0.00	−0.01^**
Labor Force Primary-School Completion Rate	−3.15	−1.98	−0.46
Behavioral Problems	−0.06^*	−0.05^*
Labor Force Primary-School Completion Rate^* Behavioral Problems	0.07	0.03	0.59
Isolation Index	0.26	0.19	0.54
Behavioral Problems	−0.02	−0.03	−0.00
Isolation Index ^* Behavioral Problems	−0.01	−0.00	−0.03

Note: Each interaction for each type of behavioral problems comes from a separate model. Every interaction model controls for child’s birth year, number of siblings, early academic skills in 2000, family income per capita in 2000. In addition, for the four interaction variables, when one is used to interact with a type of behavioral problems, the other three variables are used as control variables.

The reference category for father’s education is middle school. Unit for family income per capita is 1,000 yuan.

⁺

<0.1

<0.05

^**

<0.01

^***

<0.001