Table 2.

Several modifications of ALPPS procedure

Procedure	Technical features	Liver transection	Benefits	Scheme	Ref
Anterior‐approach ALPPS	Complete liver transection using anterior approach No liver mobilization	Complete down to IVC	Less adhesion Prevention of tumor dissemination		66, 67
Hybrid ALPPS	Complete liver transection using anterior approach No liver mobilization PVE between the stages	Complete down to IVC	Less adhesion Prevention of tumor dissemination		68
Partial ALPPS	Partial liver transection using anterior approach Preserve outflow via the hepatic vein Intraoperative PVE	50%‐80% of the complete transection line	Prevent devascularization of the liver		69
Mini‐ALPPS	Partial liver transection using anterior approach No liver mobilization Intraoperative PVE	The depth of liver transection not to exceed 3‐5 cm	Less adhesion Prevention of tumor dissemination Prevent devascularization of the liver		70
ALTPS	Tourniqueting around the transection line and knotted	Just producing a 1‐cm deep groove Tourniquet was placed around the groove and then knotted tightly enough	Less adhesion Less invasiveness at 1st‐stage		71
RALLPS	Creating an avascular groove at the future transection line	No liver transection	Less adhesion Less invasiveness at 1st‐stage		72
ALPTIPS	Partial liver transection using anterior approach Intraoperative PVE	Along the Rex‐Cantlie line until the anterior wall of the MHV is exposed	Less adhesion Prevention of tumor dissemination Prevent devascularization of the liver		73
Modified ALPPS with preservation of portal pedicles	Preserving portal pedicles during liver transection	Complete but portal pedicles are preserved	Prevent devascularization of the liver		74

ALPPS, Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy; ALTPS, associating liver tourniquet and portal vein occlusion for staged hepatectomy; RALPP, radiofrequency‐assisted liver partition with portal vein ligation; ALPTPS, associating liver partial partition and transileocecal portal vein embolization for staged hepatectomy; PVE, portal vein embolization; IVC, inferior vena cava; MHV, middle hepatic vein.