Figure 2.

Up-regulation of calpain 10 aggravated renal injury in DN rats. (A) Calpain 10, nephrin and caspase-3 expression in kidney were identified by Western blot analysis. (B) Calpain 10 mRNA expression was tested by Real-time PCR. (C, F) Tissue apoptosis was examined with Tunel positive staining (original magnification ×200), arrowheads are showing Tunel-positive cells. (D) Calpain 10 and nephrin expression were identified by immunofluorescence analysis (original magnification×630). (E) EM images showed podocyte foot process fusion, structure disorder and incrassation of glomerular (original magnification×10,000), the dotted yellow boxes indicate the GBM. Values are the mean ± SD; n=5, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with the control group; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.001 compared with the DN group at 4 weeks; ^ΔΔP<0.01 compared with the DN group at 8 weeks.

Abbreviations: 4/8/12w, 4, 8, 12 weeks after confirming DM for the DN group; EM, electron microscope.