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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 18.
Published in final edited form as: J Clean Prod. 2015 Dec 17;176:1316–1322. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.009

Table 1.

Definition of quantities

VM volume of deposited material
VT volume defined by part envelope
α fraction of part envelope containing solid material - the “solid-to-envelop ratio” (VM/VT)
EVD energy/unit volume of deposited material
EVM energy/unit volume for removal by machining
f fraction of deposited material removed by machining
ρ density of material
ET energy/kg-km for transporting material
EF energy/kg for production of feedstock
EB energy/kg for billet production
xF distance that feedstock is transported
xB distance that billet or plate is transported
xS distance that scrap is transported for recycling