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Design of the digital coding particle for programmable metasurface and its reflection responses at “ON” and “OFF” states. (a) The designed digital coding particle and its induced surface currents when the diode is at “ON” and “OFF” states, which builds up a bridge between the digital world and physical world. (b, c) The reflection amplitude (b) and phase (c) responses of the digital coding particle when the diode is at “ON” and “OFF” states.
