. 2019 Jul 17;32(4):e00002-19. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00002-19

TABLE 2.

Acquired resistances described in Enterobacter cloacae complex bacteria

Antibiotic group	Mechanism of resistance	Gene(s)	Species	Reference(s)
β-Lactams	Enzymatic β-lactamases
	Class A	bla_TEM, bla_SHV, bla_CTX-M	E. cloacae	63, 315
			E. hormaechei	270
		bla_VEB, bla_GES/IBC, bla_KPC, bla_FRI	E. cloacae	210, 316
			E. hormaechei	317
		bla_NMCA, bla_IMI	E. cloacae	318
			E. asburiae	54
	Class B	bla_VIM, bla_GIM	E. cloacae	69, 319, 320
		bla_NDM	E. ludwigii	84
		bla_IMP, bla_NDM	E. cloacae, E. hormaechei	209, 321
	Class C	ampC	E. cloacae	288, 295
			E. asburiae	3
			E. hormaechei	213
			E. kobei, E. ludwigii, E. nimipressuralis	163
	Class D	bla_OXA-48	E. cloacae	320
	Impermeability/efflux	acrAB-tolC, ompC, ompF, ompX	E. cloacae	25, 31, 240, 241, 263, 322
Fluoroquinolones	Target mutation	gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE	E. cloacae	291
	Enzymatic (acetyltransferase)	aac(6′)-Ib-cr	E. cloacae	148
	Protective mechanism target	qnr (A, B, S, C, D)	E. cloacae, E. hormaechei	323
	Efflux	qepA, acrAB-tolC, oqxAB, sugE, emmdR	E. cloacae	258, 259, 263
Aminoglycosides	Enzymatic (acetyl, phospho, nucleotidyltransferase)	aac, aph, ant	E. cloacae	323
	Methylase	armA, rmtB	E. cloacae	324
Cyclines	Efflux	acrAB-tolC	E. cloacae, E. hormaechei	325