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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 18.
Published in final edited form as: FEBS J. 2018 May 14;285(18):3324–3336. doi: 10.1111/febs.14492

Figure 1. A model for how HTLV-1 infection progresses to ATLL.

Figure 1

Key events that drive ATLL development include acquisition of senescence-blocking genetic and/or epigenetic alterations by naïve T cells prior to viral infection, clonal expansion of HTLV-1-infected senescence-resistant precancerous T cells, genomic instability, loss of Tax expression, evasion of immune surveillance, persistent HBZ expression, and development of Tax-independent NF-κB activation.