Table 2. Multivariable regression for predictors of AKI and hemodialysis use in AMI-CS.

Total cohort (N = 440,257)		Acute kidney injury				Hemodialysis Use
		OR	95 CI		P	OR	95 CI		P
			LL	UL			LL	UL
Age group (years)	19–49	Reference category				Reference category
	50–59	1.07	1.03	1.11	<0.001	1.03	0.94	1.13	0.47
	60–69	1.07	1.02	1.11	0.002	0.80	0.73	0.88	<0.001
	70–79	1.20	1.15	1.25	<0.001	0.79	0.71	0.88	<0.001
	≥80	1.26	1.20	1.32	<0.001	0.51	0.45	0.56	<0.001
Female sex		0.73	0.72	0.74	<0.001	0.88	0.85	0.92	<0.001
Race	White	Reference category				Reference category
	Black	1.29	1.25	1.33	<0.001	1.25	1.17	1.34	<0.001
	Hispanic	1.10	1.07	1.13	<0.001	1.43	1.35	1.52	<0.001
	Asian	1.13	1.08	1.18	<0.001	1.38	1.26	1.51	<0.001
	Native American	0.97	0.87	1.08	0.57	1.54	1.24	1.91	<0.001
	Others	1.07	1.03	1.12	<0.001	1.32	1.21	1.44	<0.001
Primary payer	Medicare	Reference category				Reference category
	Medicaid	1.08	1.04	1.12	<0.001	1.17	1.08	1.26	<0.001
	Private	0.93	0.91	0.95	<0.001	1.04	0.98	1.09	0.21
	Uninsured	0.86	0.82	0.89	<0.001	0.79	0.71	0.87	<0.001
	No Charge	1.13	1.01	1.26	0.03	1.36	1.07	1.73	0.01
	Others	0.95	0.90	1.00	0.06	1.05	0.93	1.19	0.39
Quartile of median household income	0-25th	Reference category				Reference category
	26th-50th	1.02	1.00	1.04	0.07	1.05	1.00	1.11	0.07
	51st-75th	1.02	1.00	1.05	0.04	1.02	0.97	1.08	0.37
	75th-100th	0.98	0.96	1.00	0.11	1.00	0.94	1.06	0.93
Hospital teaching status and location	Rural	Reference category				Reference category
	Urban Non-Teaching	1.30	1.26	1.35	<0.001	1.39	1.25	1.54	<0.001
	Urban Teaching	1.59	1.54	1.64	<0.001	1.80	1.62	2.00	<0.001
Hospital bed-size	Small	Reference category				Reference category
	Medium	0.97	0.94	1.00	0.05	1.03	0.94	1.11	0.55
	Large	1.08	1.05	1.11	<0.001	1.33	1.24	1.44	<0.001
Hospital region	Northeast	Reference category				Reference category
	Midwest	0.95	0.93	0.98	<0.001	1.08	1.01	1.15	0.02
	South	0.99	0.97	1.02	0.57	0.89	0.85	0.94	<0.001
	West	0.98	0.96	1.00	0.10	1.33	1.25	1.41	<0.001
Charlson Comorbidity Index	0–3	Reference category				Reference category
	4–6	1.80	1.75	1.85	<0.001	1.94	1.81	2.08	<0.001
	≥ 7	3.12	3.02	3.23	<0.001	3.89	3.60	4.21	<0.001
Acute organ dysfunction	Respiratory	1.55	1.52	1.58	<0.001	1.35	1.29	1.40	<0.001
	Hepatic	4.24	4.11	4.37	<0.001	2.71	2.59	2.83	<0.001
	Hematologic	1.53	1.49	1.57	<0.001	2.01	1.92	2.10	<0.001
	Metabolic	2.25	2.20	2.29	<0.001	1.75	1.68	1.83	<0.001
	Neurologic	1.39	1.36	1.42	<0.001	1.12	1.07	1.18	<0.001
Cardiac arrest		0.90	0.88	0.91	<0.001	0.84	0.81	0.88	<0.001
Coronary angiography		0.81	0.79	0.82	<0.001	1.01	0.96	1.06	0.75
Percutaneous coronary intervention		0.76	0.75	0.78	<0.001	0.70	0.67	0.73	<0.001
Invasive hemodynamic assessment		1.33	1.30	1.35	<0.001	1.31	1.26	1.37	<0.001
Mechanical circulatory support		1.08	1.06	1.10	<0.001	1.09	1.04	1.13	<0.001
Invasive mechanical ventilation		1.20	1.17	1.22	<0.001	1.97	1.89	2.06	<0.001

Abbreviations: AKI: acute kidney injury; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CI: confidence interval; CS: cardiogenic shock; LL: lower limit; OR: odds ratio; UL: upper limit