Table 2. Results from multivariate hierarchical analysis of the association of geographic and socioeconomic factors with leprosy treatment default (N = 20,063), Brazil, 2007–2014.
| Variable | MODEL A (Block 1)* |
MODEL B (Blocks 1 and 2)** |
MODEL C (Blocks 2 and 3)*** |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) | 0.035 | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | 0.055 | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | 0.047 |
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Age (per year) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.002 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.464 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.909 |
| Distal variables | ||||||
| Region of family home | ||||||
| North | 1.57 (1.25–1.97) | <10−3 | ||||
| Northeast | 1.44 (1.17–1.78) | 0.001 | ||||
| Midwest | 1.35 (1.06–1.72) | 0.014 | ||||
| South/Southeast | 1 | |||||
| Location of family home | ||||||
| Rural | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 0.691 | ||||
| Urban | 1 | |||||
| Intermediate variables | ||||||
| Ethnicity/skin colour | ||||||
| Black | 1.29 (1.01–1.69) | 0.045 | ||||
| ‘Pardo’ (mixed/brown) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) | 0.800 | ||||
| Other (White, Asian, Indigenous) | 1 | |||||
| Highest level of education | ||||||
| Pre-school/illiterate | 0.99 (0.75–1.29) | 0.926 | ||||
| 1–5 years | 0.99 (0.78–1.25) | 0.909 | ||||
| 6–9 years | 1.17 (0.92–1.48) | 0.188 | ||||
| No data | 0.89 (0.67–1.18) | 0.421 | ||||
| > 9 years | 1 | |||||
| Familial per capita income | ||||||
| No income | 1.41 (1.07–1.86) | 0.016 | ||||
| 0.1–0.25 | 1.42 (1.13–1.77) | 0.002 | ||||
| 0.26–0.5 | 1.18 (0.92–1.53) | 0.189 | ||||
| > 0.5 | 1 | |||||
| Employment | ||||||
| Unemployed (not student) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.860 | ||||
| Student | 0.90 (0.75–1.09) | 0.305 | ||||
| No data | 1.17 (0.94–1.46) | 0.169 | ||||
| Employed | 1 | |||||
| Proximal variables | ||||||
| Housing material | ||||||
| Wood, mud or others | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 0.679 | ||||
| Brick or cement | 1 | |||||
| Household water supply | ||||||
| Non-public network supply | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) | 0.248 | ||||
| Public network | 1 | |||||
| Sewage disposal | ||||||
| Septic tank or open sewage | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.661 | ||||
| Public network | 1 | |||||
| Source of home lighting | ||||||
| Community meter | 1.11 (0.77–1.61) | 0.583 | ||||
| Informal home lighting or no electricity | 1.53 (1.28–1.82) | <10−3 | ||||
| Home meter | 1 | |||||
| Waste collection | ||||||
| Informal waste collection | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 0.993 | ||||
| Public collection system | 1 | |||||
| Household density (individuals/room) | ||||||
| Up to 0.50 | 1 | |||||
| 0.51–0.75 | 1.10 (0.89–1.35) | 0.371 | ||||
| 0.76–1.00 | 1.18 (0.97–1.44) | 0.100 | ||||
| > 1.00 | 1.35 (1.10–1.66) | 0.003 | ||||
* Covariates in model A were adjusted for sex and age;
** Covariates in model B were adjusted only for covariates from model A with p-value < 0.1, sex and age;
*** Covariates in model C were adjusted for covariates from model A and B with p-value < 0.1, sex and age.