Table 1.
Longitudinal changes in body composition in obese females
| Parameter (baseline and % change) | Weight loss | Weight maintenance | Weight gain | |||
| A1 | B1 | A2 | B2 | A3 | B3 | |
| Age (years) | 57 | 65 | 59 | 69 | 63 | 70 |
| Anthropometric parameters | ||||||
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | 37.5 | 31.1 | 37.8 | 32.5 | 45.6 | 48.5 |
| Baseline waist circumference (cm) | 116 | 86 | 97 | 94 | 144 | 148 |
| Δ Weight (kg) | −7.8 | −2.4 | −0.3 | −0.1 | +7.1 | +3.3 |
| Δ Body mass index (%) | −7.8 | −3.0 | −0.2 | −0.2 | +4.4 | +2.5 |
| Δ Waist circumference (cm) | −7 | −2 | −2 | +3 | −2 | +2 |
| DXA parameters | ||||||
| Δ Total fat mass (%) | −17.2 | −3.3 | −2.5 | +3.1 | +3.3 | +4.2 |
| Δ Total lean mass (%) | +2.9 | −2.7 | +1.8 | −3.3 | +5.8 | +0.4 |
| Δ Android fat mass (%) | −22.1 | +4.2 | −6.0 | +9.3 | +1.4 | +14.0 |
| Δ Android lean mass (%) | −0.5 | +2.1 | −9.4 | −6.8 | +2.8 | +11.6 |
| Δ Gynoid fat mass (%) | −16.8 | +0.2 | −9.3 | −1.9 | +12.0 | −5.7 |
| Δ Gynoid lean mass (%) | +2.6 | +3.5 | +1.0 | −2.5 | +1.2 | −1.2 |
| Δ Visceral adipose tissue (%) | −28.9 | +13.4 | −13.7 | +12.6 | −24.1 | +12.4 |
| ΔSubcutaneous adipose tissue (%) | −18.1 | +1.6 | −3.7 | +4.5 | +56.2 | +15.0 |
| ΔTrunk Fat Mass (%) | −31.3 | +0.9 | −1.5 | +6.4 | +6.7 | +7.2 |
| ΔTrunk Lean Mass (%) | −11.2 | +2.5 | +2.0 | −5.4 | +11.4 | +1.9 |
| ΔLeg Fat Mass (%) | +3.4 | +6.0 | −3.8 | −1.1 | −1.8 | −0.3 |
| ΔLeg Lean Mass (%) | +25.1 | +3.1 | −1.2 | −1.2 | +1.8 | −1.9 |
| ΔArm Fat Mass (%) | −10.5 | +1.8 | −3.9 | −0.3 | −6.1 | −1.3 |
| ΔArm Lean Mass (%) | +7.0 | +1.1 | −0.9 | −6.2 | −3.4 | +2.3 |
| Baseline Skeletal Muscle Index (%)(n.v.: M,>30; F,>25)14 | 18.4 | 20.2 | 24.1 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 19.6 |
| ΔSkeletal Muscle Index (%) | +30.8 | +0.4 | −0.9 | −2.3 | −3.8 | −3.3 |
BMI, body mass index.
The values highlighted in bold type are significant because the differences are in excess of the Least Significant Change, calculated as % coefficient of variation x 2.77 for DXA parameters, on the basis of the precision in our center.