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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 4.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Tissue Res. 2019 Sep 4;377(3):527–547. doi: 10.1007/s00441-019-03096-6

Table 1. Terminology used for enteric phagocytes and their organelles.

Information tabulated here is taken from a comprehensive, yet non-exhaustive survey of published electron microscopic studies of the ultrastructure of invertebrate digestive systems. Columns A and B list animal clades. Column C indicates terms used for enteric phagocyte in corresponding animal clade. The term used for enteric phagocytes varies, often simply referring to the function (e.g., absorptive cell, digestive cell) or position (e.g., stomach cell, midgut cell) of the cell. Columns D-F show terms used for organelles associated with enteric phagocytes. The three columns reflect the position of the corresponding organelles along the apical-basal axis, with those referring to the apical membrane and its immediate vicinity placed in column D (yellow), the ones naming organelles in the supra/perinuclear space in column E (orange), and the ones referring to more basal structures in column F (purple). Based on this topology, structures referred to in column D would most likely correspond to pinocytotic/phagocytotic membrane specializations, primary endocytic vesicles/phagosomes and early endosomes; structures of column E to late endosomes, lysosomes and endolysosomes/phagolysosomes, and structures in column F to residual bodies and storage organelles. Column G indicates types of particles or cells used experimentally to ascertain phagocytosis. Literature is provided in column H.

Abbreviations: Ap. Apical; Cil. Ciliated; Col. Columnar; Endocyt. Endocytotic; Glyc. Glycogen particle; Incl. Inclusion; Intest. Intestinal; Multives. Multivesicular; Pinocyt. Pinocytotic; Prim. Primary; Resid. Residual; Sec. Secondary; Spher. Spherical; Vac. Vacuole; Ves. Vesicle

Clade Subclade Term for
Cell
Membrane/Apical Supranuclear/Perinuclear Basal Exp.
Feeding
Reference
Porifera Demospongiae Choanocyte Lamellipodia Phagosome, Food Vac., Lysosome Bacteria 1, 2
Demospongiae Choanocyte Small Ves. Phagosome, Lysosome-like Ves. Microvesicles 3
Calcarea Choanocyte Lamellipodia Phagosome Bead 1μm 4
Homoscleromorpha Choanocyte Phagosome 5
Ctenophora Digestive Cell Ves. Phagosome, Lysosome, Lysosome-like Body Thorotrast 6, 7
Cnidaria Anthozoa Phagocytic Cell Pinocytic Ves. Phagosome, Postphagosome, Lysosome Wax Droplets, Glyc. 8
Cubozoa Absorptive Cell Apical Discoideal Coated Ves. Watery Vac., Phagosome, Lysosome Lipid Droplets 9
Hydrozoa Gastrodermal Cell Food Vac. 10
Hydrozoa Absorptive Cell Discoideal Flattened Ves. Ferritin 11
Hydrozoa Gastrodermal Cell Flatttened Coated Ves. Large Vac. Carbon part. 12
Hydrozoa Nutritive Phagocyte Pinocyt. Ves., Microves. Phagosome, Sec. Lysosome Carbon part. 13, 14
Echinodermata Asteroidea Enterocyte Pinocyt. Vac. Vac. 15, 16
Asteroidea Choanocyte-like Cell Coated Ves. Phagosome, Multives. Body, Sec. Lysosome 17
Ophiuroidea Enterocyte Pinocyt. Invagination, Ves. Lipid Droplets, Glyc. 18
Hemichordata Absorptive Phase Cell Apical Coated Pit, Ves. Heteromorphic Incl. Body, Digestive Vac. 19, 20
Pterobranchia Epithelial Cell Apical Coated Pit, Coated Ves. Multives. Body, Heteromorphic Vac. Body 21
Urochordata Absorptive Cell Coated Pit, Small Ves., Pinosome Multives. Body, Vac., Sec. Lysosome Lipid Droplet 22, 23, 24 25
Vacuolated Cell Micropinocyt. Ves. Vac. 26
Cephalochordata Epithelial Cell Coated Pit, Ves. Lysosome, Granule Lipid Droplet 27, 28
Phagocyte Lysosome, Phagosome Algae 29
Chaetognatha Absorptive Cell Pinocyt. Ves. Lysosome-like Body 30, 31
Absorptive Vac. Cell Coated Pit, Endocyt. Ves. Vac., Endolysosomal Compartment 32
Gastrotricha Absorptive Cell Pinocyt. Ves., Small Vac. Lysosome-like Body, Sec. Lososome Glyc. 33, 34
Rotifera Stomach Cell Caveolae, Coated Ves. Food Vac. Thorotrast 35, 36
Stomach Cell Food Vac., Incl. Body (=Lysosome) 37
Platyhelminthes Col. Phagocytic Cell Pinocyt. Ves. Phagosome, Lysosome, Sec. Lysosome Lipid Droplet, Glyc. 38
Tricladida Phagocytic Cell Pseudopodia, Food Vac. Lysosome, Digestive Vac. Resid. Body, Lipid Droplet, Glyc. 39, 40, 41
Dalytyphloplanida Gastrodermal Cell Micropinocyt. Ves. Phagosome, Vac. Lipid Globule 42
Catenulida Phagocyte Coated Endocyt. Ves. Vac., Lysosome Resid. Body, Lipid Incl. Latex Bead 43
Macrostomida Phagocytic Cell Food Vac. Food Vac., Lysosome Lipid Droplet 44, 45
Bryozoa Absorpt. Acid. Cell Endocyt. Ves., Prim. Lysosome Digestive Vac. (Sec. Lysosome) 46
Phoronida Cil. Epithelial Cell Pinocyt. Ves., Ap. Spher. Granule Digestive Vac., Ves. Containing Nutrient Lipid Body 47, 48
Nemertinea Cil. Gastrodermal Cell Oval Body, Food Vac. Lysosome 49, 50
Annelida Polychaeta Absorptive Cell Dense Body Lysosome Lipid Droplet, Glyc. 51, 52
Hirudinea Intest. Epithelial Cell Caveolae, Apical Dense Body Vac. Lipid Inclusion 53, 54
Mollusca Gastropoda Digestive Cell Endocyt. Ves., Multives. Body Lysosome, Heterolysosome, Large Vac. Resid. Body, Lipid Droplet, Glyc. 55, 56, 57
Gastropoda Digestive Cell Small Coated Ves. Large Vac. Thorotrast 58
Bivalvia Digestive Cell Microves., Pinosome, Phagosome Macroves. (Phagolysosome) Resid. Body, Lipid-like Droplet Graphite 59, 60, 61
Bivalvia Absorptive Cell Pino/Macropinosome, Phagosome Lysosome, Heterolysosome Resid. Body Nanoparticle 62
Cephalopoda Digestive Cell Pinocytotic Ves. Digestive Vac. Brown-Body Vac., Lipid Droplet 63
Priapulida Epithelial Cell Ves., Lysosome Digestive Vac. Lipid Droplet, Glyc. Particles 64, 65
Kinorhyncha Epithelial Cell Digestive Vac. 66, 67
Nematoda Intest. Epithelial Cell Pinocyt. Ves., Phagosome Prim. Lysosome, Phagolysosome Pigment Gran., Lipid Droplet, Glyc. Hemoglobin 68, 69, 70
Intest. Cell Endosome, Phagosome Lysosome, Sec. Lysosome Lipofuscin Granule, Telolysosome 71
Tardigrada Digestive Cell Coated Pit, Ves., Multives. Body Digestive Vac., Lysosome, Sec. Lysosome Spher. Incl., Lipid Droplet, Glyc. 72, 73, 74
Onychophora Absorptive Cell Ves. Membrane-bound Incl. Lipid Droplet, Glyc. 75
Crustacea Copepoda Midgut Cell Pinocyt. Vesicle Lysosome, Heterophagosome 76
Isopoda Digestive Cell Pinocyt. Vesicle Lysosome-like Body, Vac. Lipid Droplet, Glyc. 77
Malacostraca Digestive Cell Vesicle Phagosome, Lysosome-like Granule Lipid Droplet 78
Decapoda Digestive (B) Cell Pinocyt. Vesicle Subapical Vac., Supranuclear Vac. 79, 80
Chelicerata Scorpiones Digestive Cell Pinocyt. Vesicle, Channel Vesicle Lysosome-like Organelle, Brown Body Vac. Glyc., Lipidic Inclusions Colloid. Gold 81
Acariformes Digestive Cell Pinocyt. Vesicle, Phagosome Lysosome, Sec. Lysosome Resid. Body, Lipid Droplet 82, 83, 84