Table 1. Terminology used for enteric phagocytes and their organelles.
Information tabulated here is taken from a comprehensive, yet non-exhaustive survey of published electron microscopic studies of the ultrastructure of invertebrate digestive systems. Columns A and B list animal clades. Column C indicates terms used for enteric phagocyte in corresponding animal clade. The term used for enteric phagocytes varies, often simply referring to the function (e.g., absorptive cell, digestive cell) or position (e.g., stomach cell, midgut cell) of the cell. Columns D-F show terms used for organelles associated with enteric phagocytes. The three columns reflect the position of the corresponding organelles along the apical-basal axis, with those referring to the apical membrane and its immediate vicinity placed in column D (yellow), the ones naming organelles in the supra/perinuclear space in column E (orange), and the ones referring to more basal structures in column F (purple). Based on this topology, structures referred to in column D would most likely correspond to pinocytotic/phagocytotic membrane specializations, primary endocytic vesicles/phagosomes and early endosomes; structures of column E to late endosomes, lysosomes and endolysosomes/phagolysosomes, and structures in column F to residual bodies and storage organelles. Column G indicates types of particles or cells used experimentally to ascertain phagocytosis. Literature is provided in column H.
Abbreviations: Ap. Apical; Cil. Ciliated; Col. Columnar; Endocyt. Endocytotic; Glyc. Glycogen particle; Incl. Inclusion; Intest. Intestinal; Multives. Multivesicular; Pinocyt. Pinocytotic; Prim. Primary; Resid. Residual; Sec. Secondary; Spher. Spherical; Vac. Vacuole; Ves. Vesicle
| Clade | Subclade | Term for Cell |
Membrane/Apical | Supranuclear/Perinuclear | Basal | Exp. Feeding |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porifera | Demospongiae | Choanocyte | Lamellipodia | Phagosome, Food Vac., Lysosome | Bacteria | 1, 2 | |
| Demospongiae | Choanocyte | Small Ves. | Phagosome, Lysosome-like Ves. | Microvesicles | 3 | ||
| Calcarea | Choanocyte | Lamellipodia | Phagosome | Bead 1μm | 4 | ||
| Homoscleromorpha | Choanocyte | Phagosome | 5 | ||||
| Ctenophora | Digestive Cell | Ves. | Phagosome, Lysosome, Lysosome-like Body | Thorotrast | 6, 7 | ||
| Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Phagocytic Cell | Pinocytic Ves. | Phagosome, Postphagosome, Lysosome | Wax Droplets, Glyc. | 8 | |
| Cubozoa | Absorptive Cell | Apical Discoideal Coated Ves. | Watery Vac., Phagosome, Lysosome | Lipid Droplets | 9 | ||
| Hydrozoa | Gastrodermal Cell | Food Vac. | 10 | ||||
| Hydrozoa | Absorptive Cell | Discoideal Flattened Ves. | Ferritin | 11 | |||
| Hydrozoa | Gastrodermal Cell | Flatttened Coated Ves. | Large Vac. | Carbon part. | 12 | ||
| Hydrozoa | Nutritive Phagocyte | Pinocyt. Ves., Microves. | Phagosome, Sec. Lysosome | Carbon part. | 13, 14 | ||
| Echinodermata | Asteroidea | Enterocyte | Pinocyt. Vac. | Vac. | 15, 16 | ||
| Asteroidea | Choanocyte-like Cell | Coated Ves. | Phagosome, Multives. Body, Sec. Lysosome | 17 | |||
| Ophiuroidea | Enterocyte | Pinocyt. Invagination, Ves. | Lipid Droplets, Glyc. | 18 | |||
| Hemichordata | Absorptive Phase Cell | Apical Coated Pit, Ves. | Heteromorphic Incl. Body, Digestive Vac. | 19, 20 | |||
| Pterobranchia | Epithelial Cell | Apical Coated Pit, Coated Ves. | Multives. Body, Heteromorphic Vac. Body | 21 | |||
| Urochordata | Absorptive Cell | Coated Pit, Small Ves., Pinosome | Multives. Body, Vac., Sec. Lysosome | Lipid Droplet | 22, 23, 24 25 | ||
| Vacuolated Cell | Micropinocyt. Ves. | Vac. | 26 | ||||
| Cephalochordata | Epithelial Cell | Coated Pit, Ves. | Lysosome, Granule | Lipid Droplet | 27, 28 | ||
| Phagocyte | Lysosome, Phagosome | Algae | 29 | ||||
| Chaetognatha | Absorptive Cell | Pinocyt. Ves. | Lysosome-like Body | 30, 31 | |||
| Absorptive Vac. Cell | Coated Pit, Endocyt. Ves. | Vac., Endolysosomal Compartment | 32 | ||||
| Gastrotricha | Absorptive Cell | Pinocyt. Ves., Small Vac. | Lysosome-like Body, Sec. Lososome | Glyc. | 33, 34 | ||
| Rotifera | Stomach Cell | Caveolae, Coated Ves. | Food Vac. | Thorotrast | 35, 36 | ||
| Stomach Cell | Food Vac., Incl. Body (=Lysosome) | 37 | |||||
| Platyhelminthes | Col. Phagocytic Cell | Pinocyt. Ves. | Phagosome, Lysosome, Sec. Lysosome | Lipid Droplet, Glyc. | 38 | ||
| Tricladida | Phagocytic Cell | Pseudopodia, Food Vac. | Lysosome, Digestive Vac. | Resid. Body, Lipid Droplet, Glyc. | 39, 40, 41 | ||
| Dalytyphloplanida | Gastrodermal Cell | Micropinocyt. Ves. | Phagosome, Vac. | Lipid Globule | 42 | ||
| Catenulida | Phagocyte | Coated Endocyt. Ves. | Vac., Lysosome | Resid. Body, Lipid Incl. | Latex Bead | 43 | |
| Macrostomida | Phagocytic Cell | Food Vac. | Food Vac., Lysosome | Lipid Droplet | 44, 45 | ||
| Bryozoa | Absorpt. Acid. Cell | Endocyt. Ves., Prim. Lysosome | Digestive Vac. (Sec. Lysosome) | 46 | |||
| Phoronida | Cil. Epithelial Cell | Pinocyt. Ves., Ap. Spher. Granule | Digestive Vac., Ves. Containing Nutrient | Lipid Body | 47, 48 | ||
| Nemertinea | Cil. Gastrodermal Cell | Oval Body, Food Vac. | Lysosome | 49, 50 | |||
| Annelida | Polychaeta | Absorptive Cell | Dense Body | Lysosome | Lipid Droplet, Glyc. | 51, 52 | |
| Hirudinea | Intest. Epithelial Cell | Caveolae, Apical Dense Body | Vac. | Lipid Inclusion | 53, 54 | ||
| Mollusca | Gastropoda | Digestive Cell | Endocyt. Ves., Multives. Body | Lysosome, Heterolysosome, Large Vac. | Resid. Body, Lipid Droplet, Glyc. | 55, 56, 57 | |
| Gastropoda | Digestive Cell | Small Coated Ves. | Large Vac. | Thorotrast | 58 | ||
| Bivalvia | Digestive Cell | Microves., Pinosome, Phagosome | Macroves. (Phagolysosome) | Resid. Body, Lipid-like Droplet | Graphite | 59, 60, 61 | |
| Bivalvia | Absorptive Cell | Pino/Macropinosome, Phagosome | Lysosome, Heterolysosome | Resid. Body | Nanoparticle | 62 | |
| Cephalopoda | Digestive Cell | Pinocytotic Ves. | Digestive Vac. | Brown-Body Vac., Lipid Droplet | 63 | ||
| Priapulida | Epithelial Cell | Ves., Lysosome | Digestive Vac. | Lipid Droplet, Glyc. Particles | 64, 65 | ||
| Kinorhyncha | Epithelial Cell | Digestive Vac. | 66, 67 | ||||
| Nematoda | Intest. Epithelial Cell | Pinocyt. Ves., Phagosome | Prim. Lysosome, Phagolysosome | Pigment Gran., Lipid Droplet, Glyc. | Hemoglobin | 68, 69, 70 | |
| Intest. Cell | Endosome, Phagosome | Lysosome, Sec. Lysosome | Lipofuscin Granule, Telolysosome | 71 | |||
| Tardigrada | Digestive Cell | Coated Pit, Ves., Multives. Body | Digestive Vac., Lysosome, Sec. Lysosome | Spher. Incl., Lipid Droplet, Glyc. | 72, 73, 74 | ||
| Onychophora | Absorptive Cell | Ves. | Membrane-bound Incl. | Lipid Droplet, Glyc. | 75 | ||
| Crustacea | Copepoda | Midgut Cell | Pinocyt. Vesicle | Lysosome, Heterophagosome | 76 | ||
| Isopoda | Digestive Cell | Pinocyt. Vesicle | Lysosome-like Body, Vac. | Lipid Droplet, Glyc. | 77 | ||
| Malacostraca | Digestive Cell | Vesicle | Phagosome, Lysosome-like Granule | Lipid Droplet | 78 | ||
| Decapoda | Digestive (B) Cell | Pinocyt. Vesicle | Subapical Vac., Supranuclear Vac. | 79, 80 | |||
| Chelicerata | Scorpiones | Digestive Cell | Pinocyt. Vesicle, Channel Vesicle | Lysosome-like Organelle, Brown Body Vac. | Glyc., Lipidic Inclusions | Colloid. Gold | 81 |
| Acariformes | Digestive Cell | Pinocyt. Vesicle, Phagosome | Lysosome, Sec. Lysosome | Resid. Body, Lipid Droplet | 82, 83, 84 |