Table 3.
The relationship between the ΔHbA1c, ΔBW, ΔsBP, ΔdBP, and the clinical parameters at baseline in the full analysis set (n=110)
| ΔHbA1c | ΔBW | ΔsBP | ΔdBP | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correlation coefficient | P | Correlation coefficient | P | Correlation coefficient | P | Correlation coefficient | P | |
| Male | −0.193 | 0.35 | 1.035 | 0.12 | −0.396 | 0.90 | −5.046 | 0.03 |
| Elderly | −0.070 | 0.72 | −0.346 | 0.58 | 4.830 | 0.11 | 4.508 | 0.04 |
| Age (/years) | −0.009 | 0.24 | 0.006 | 0.82 | 0.097 | 0.43 | 0.135 | 0.13 |
| Duration of diabetes (/years) | −0.003 | 0.86 | 0.019 | 0.67 | −0.162 | 0.46 | 0.096 | 0.54 |
| Smoking history | 0.010 | 0.96 | 0.358 | 0.57 | 1.893 | 0.54 | −0.407 | 0.85 |
| Current drinker | −0.010 | 0.96 | 0.668 | 0.34 | 2.620 | 0.46 | 1.292 | 0.61 |
| Obesity | −0.222 | 0.39 | −1.962 | 0.02 | 1.114 | 0.80 | 5.270 | 0.10 |
| Hypertension | 0.182 | 0.41 | −1.441 | 0.05 | −6.148 | 0.08 | −4.175 | 0.10 |
| Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia | −0.143 | 0.47 | 0.232 | 0.71 | 4.400 | 0.16 | 2.419 | 0.28 |
| Diabetic retinopathy# | −0.149 | 0.47 | −0.581 | 0.35 | 0.048 | 0.99 | −1.417 | 0.51 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | −0.012 | 0.95 | −0.844 | 0.16 | −0.553 | 0.85 | −0.095 | 0.96 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | −0.230 | 0.29 | −0.412 | 0.51 | −2.383 | 0.47 | 2.670 | 0.26 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | −0.680 | 0.16 | −0.315 | 0.83 | 2.157 | 0.77 | 9.365 | 0.07 |
| Coronary heart disease | −0.007 | 0.97 | 0.239 | 0.70 | −0.856 | 0.78 | −0.166 | 0.94 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | −0.161 | 0.74 | 0.904 | 0.66 | −5.392 | 0.46 | −5.740 | 0.28 |
| Concomitant anti-diabetic agents | ||||||||
| Sulfonylureas | −0.211 | 0.42 | −0.464 | 0.60 | 3.013 | 0.50 | −0.769 | 0.81 |
| Biguanides | 0.094 | 0.62 | 0.002 | 0.99 | −1.194 | 0.69 | 4.210 | 0.05 |
| Thiazolidinediones | 0.374 | 0.35 | −2.219 | 0.09 | −4.620 | 0.45 | −2.759 | 0.53 |
| α-glucosidase inhibitors | −0.109 | 0.71 | −0.616 | 0.49 | −2.53 | 0.60 | −1.733 | 0.62 |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | −0.279 | 0.13 | −0.063 | 0.91 | 1.491 | 0.60 | 3.361 | 0.10 |
| GLP-1 receptor agonists | 0.175 | 0.54 | −0.435 | 0.63 | −2.500 | 0.56 | −3.084 | 0.32 |
| Insulin | −0.148 | 0.46 | 1.233 | 0.05 | −3.143 | 0.31 | −3.018 | 0.18 |
| Antihypertensive agents | ||||||||
| RAS inhibitors## | 0.360 | 0.049 | −1.598 | <0.01 | −2.805 | 0.33 | −1.037 | 0.62 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 0.278 | 0.16 | 0.030 | 0.96 | 2.781 | 0.37 | 2.581 | 0.25 |
| Body weight (/kg) | −0.007 | 0.25 | −0.020 | 0.24 | −0.008 | 0.93 | −0.050 | 0.47 |
| Body mass index (/kg/m2) | −0.031 | 0.09 | −0.113 | 0.04 | 0.183 | 0.58 | 0.193 | 0.40 |
| Systolic blood pressure (/mmHg) | −0.000 | 0.97 | −0.013 | 0.46 | −0.381 | <0.01 | −0.135 | 0.04 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (/mmHg) | −0.007 | 0.34 | −0.010 | 0.66 | −0.253 | 0.02 | −0.346 | <0.01 |
| Hemoglobin (/g/dL) | −0.123 | 0.04 | 0.490 | 0.01 | 0.329 | 0.73 | −1.250 | 0.07 |
| Hematocrit (/%) | −0.042 | 0.049 | 0.150 | 0.03 | 0.120 | 0.72 | −0.437 | 0.07 |
| LDL-cholesterol (/mmol/) | −0.107 | 0.45 | 0.154 | 0.70 | 0.005 | 1.00 | −1.994 | 0.20 |
| HDL-cholesterol (/mmol/L) | 0.345 | 0.34 | −0.596 | 0.56 | 3.156 | 0.55 | 6.404 | 0.10 |
| HbA1c (/%) | −0.490 | <0.01 | 0.483 | 0.04 | −0.618 | 0.59 | −0.856 | 0.30 |
| Aspartate transaminase (/IU/L) | −0.003 | 0.38 | −0.026 | 0.03 | 0.053 | 0.38 | 0.005 | 0.90 |
| Alanine transaminase (/IU/L) | −0.004 | 0.34 | −0.004 | 0.72 | 0.095 | 0.11 | 0.009 | 0.84 |
| γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (/IU/L) | −0.002 | 0.16 | 0.002 | 0.64 | 0.061 | 0.02 | 0.005 | 0.80 |
| eGFR (/mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.001 | 0.84 | 0.006 | 0.66 | −0.056 | 0.41 | −0.017 | 0.74 |
| Uric acid (/μmol/L) | −0.001 | 0.55 | 0.002 | 0.69 | 0.025 | 0.25 | 0.001 | 0.93 |
| Urinary protein excretion (/mg/dL) | −0.002 | 0.26 | −0.009 | 0.08 | −0.002 | 0.94 | −0.010 | 0.63 |
Notes: #Diabetic retinopathy includes simple, preproliferative and proliferative retinopathy. ##RAS inhibitors include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers.
Abbreviations: LDL, low-density lipoprotein; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.