Table 1.
Selected Characteristics of older adults (≥ 65 years) by Alzheimer’s Diseases and Related Dementia Status Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2009–2015
| ADRD | No ADRD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Wt. row % | N | Wt. row % | |
| ALL | 727 | 2.8 | 24282 | 97.2 |
| OA and PIA† | ||||
| OA with PIA | 134 | 4.3 | 2,917 | 95.7 |
| OA without PIA | 44 | 1.3 | 3,031 | 98.7 |
| No OA with PIA | 287 | 4.6 | 6,092 | 95.4 |
| No OA and No PIA | 262 | 2.0 | 12,242 | 98.0 |
| Biological Factors | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 447 | 3.0 | 13,872 | 97.0 |
| Male | 280 | 2.5 | 10,410 | 97.5 |
| Race/Ethnicity† | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 415 | 2.7 | 14,397 | 97.3 |
| African American | 164 | 3.8 | 4,308 | 96.2 |
| Hispanic | 89 | 2.1 | 3,390 | 97.9 |
| Other-race | 59 | 3.1 | 2,187 | 96.9 |
| Age† | ||||
| 65–69 Years | 55 | 0.5 | 8,584 | 99.5 |
| 70–74 Years | 93 | 1.6 | 5,776 | 98.4 |
| 75–79 Years | 120 | 2.4 | 4,263 | 97.6 |
| 80 years or older | 459 | 7.1 | 5,659 | 92.9 |
| Socio-economic Status | ||||
| Poverty Status†* | ||||
| Poor | 128 | 3.2 | 3720 | 96.8 |
| Near Poor | 228 | 3.7 | 5968 | 96.3 |
| Middle Income | 223 | 3.0 | 7138 | 97.0 |
| High Income | 148 | 2.0 | 7456 | 98.0 |
| Education (in years)† | ||||
| <12 years | 276 | 4.5 | 6139 | 95.5 |
| 12 years/GED | 246 | 3.2 | 7539 | 96.8 |
| >12 years | 183 | 1.8 | 10320 | 98.2 |
| Life-style/Behavioral Factors | ||||
| Current Smoking† | ||||
| Current smoker | 50 | 2.1 | 2292 | 97.9 |
| Other | 661 | 2.8 | 21390 | 97.2 |
| Obesity | ||||
| Underweight/Normal | 326 | 3.6 | 7830 | 96.4 |
| Overweight | 244 | 2.7 | 8889 | 97.3 |
| Obese | 145 | 1.8 | 7164 | 98.2 |
| Exercise†** | ||||
| Yes | 117 | 1.1 | 10506 | 98.9 |
| No | 604 | 4.1 | 13607 | 95.9 |
| Treatment Factors | ||||
| Polypharmacy† | ||||
| Polypharmacy (>=6 medications)) | 401 | 4.5 | 8531 | 95.5 |
| No polypharmacy (<6 medications) | 326 | 1.8 | 15751 | 98.2 |
| Access to Healthcare | ||||
| Insurance Coverage† | ||||
| Public | 260 | 2.3 | 11451 | 97.7 |
| Private | 467 | 3.3 | 12831 | 96.7 |
| Chronic Conditions | ||||
| Diabetes† | ||||
| Yes | 229 | 3.4 | 6724 | 96.6 |
| No | 498 | 2.6 | 17556 | 97.4 |
| Heart Disease† | ||||
| Yes | 348 | 3.4 | 9307 | 96.6 |
| No | 379 | 2.4 | 14973 | 97.6 |
| High Cholesterol | ||||
| Yes | 483 | 2.8 | 15774 | 97.2 |
| No | 244 | 2.7 | 8498 | 97.3 |
| Depression† | ||||
| Yes | 159 | 5.4 | 2651 | 94.6 |
| No | 568 | 2.4 | 21631 | 97.6 |
| Anxiety† | ||||
| Yes | 121 | 4.7 | 2351 | 95.3 |
| No | 606 | 2.5 | 21931 | 97.5 |
Note: Based on pooled data from multiple years older adults (age > 65 years), who were alive during the calendar year, had health insurance and did not have missing values for the PIA variable (N in 2009 = 3450; N in 2010 = 3312; N in 2011 = 3562; N in 2012 = 3881; N in 2013 = 3548; N in 2014 = 3479; and N in 2015 = 3777).
Exercise was measured as 3 or more times/week in 2009 and 2010 and 5 or more times/week in 2011 through 2015.
Indicates statistical significance (p < .05) based on Rao-Scott Chi square tests.
Abbreviations: OA: Osteoarthritis, PIA: Pain interference with usual activity; wt.%: weighted percentage.