. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord. 2019 Jun 22;256:550–559. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.026

Table 2.

Descriptive Statistics of Rumination and Executive Function Measures by Sex

Measure	n	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Skewness^a	Kurtosis^a	Reliability
Males
RRS–B	350	1.88	0.57	1.00	4.00	0.53	0.13	.78^b
RRS–R	350	1.95	0.67	1.00	4.00	0.28	−0.82	.81^b
RRQ–Ru	349	2.69	0.71	1.18	4.92	0.26	−0.17	.83^b
ARS–AM	350	1.58	0.52	1.00	4.00	0.32	−0.76	.83^b
ARS–TR	350	1.44	0.47	1.00	3.50	0.78	−0.02	.71^b
ARS–AA	350	1.53	0.53	1.00	3.67	0.47	−0.81	.86^b
ARS–UC	349	1.78	0.53	1.00	3.50	−0.07	−0.75	.68^b
Anti	348	66.91 %	16.00	24.07	96.30	−0.38	−0.60	.91^b
Stop	344	213 ms	31	116	286	0.41	0.29	.55^b
Stroop	341	157 ms	77	−73	387	−0.58	0.47	.96^c
Keep	349	71.61 %	9.87	44.12	96.43	−0.39	−0.04	.73^b
Letter	349	69.87 %	14.10	37.88	100.00	0.28	−0.77	.93^b
Sback	349	0.07	0.94	−2.52	2.70	−0.35	0.12	.77^c
Num	348	246 ms	166	−73	735	−1.02	0.83	.92^c
Col	343	238 ms	189	−212	792	−1.02	0.87	.92^c
Cat	348	183 ms	154	−81	735	−1.18	1.61	.95^c
Females
RRS–B	400	2.05	0.64	1.00	4.00	0.52	−0.24	.82^b
RRS–R	401	2.13	0.70	1.00	4.00	0.33	−0.53	.80^b
RRQ–Ru	400	2.93	0.76	1.00	5.00	0.33	−0.11	.85^b
ARS–AM	401	1.59	0.57	1.00	4.00	0.51	−0.47	.85^b
ARS–TR	400	1.32	0.38	1.00	3.50	1.26	1.88	.65^b
ARS–AA	400	1.54	0.56	1.00	3.83	0.65	−0.33	.87^b
ARS–UC	399	1.80	0.58	1.00	4.00	0.08	−0.52	.77^b
Anti	400	58.31 %	15.07	20.37	90.74	–0.01	−0.51	.87^b
Stop	391	217 ms	29	127	315	0.02	0.03	.68^b
Stroop	396	155 ms	71	–1	387	–0.84	0.93	.96^c
Keep	400	71.82 %	8.42	44.12	94.64	–0.28	0.12	.58^b
Letter	400	69.79 %	12.49	37.88	100.00	0.13	−0.54	.91^b
Sback	400	−0.08	0.87	−2.74	1.92	–0.31	−0.21	.76^c
Num	400	246 ms	148	−241	735	–0.76	0.88	.89^c
Col	400	206 ms	174	−239	792	–1.05	1.44	.88^c
Cat	399	210 ms	165	−37	735	–1.10	1.00	.94^c

Note. RRS-B=Ruminative Responses Scale-Brooding, RRS-R=Ruminative Responses Scale-Reflection, RRQ-Ru=Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire-Rumination, ARS=Anger Rumination Scale; ARS-AM= Angry memories, ARS-TR= Thoughts of Revenge, ARS-AA=Angry Afterthoughts, ARS-UC=Understanding Causes, Anti=antisaccade, Stop=stop-signal, keep=keep track, Letter=letter memory, Sback=average of z-scores for spatial 2-back and 3-back tasks, Num=number–letter, Col=color–shape, Cat=category-switch, SD=standard deviation.

Skewness and kurtosis were calculated on log-transformed scores for the ARS scales.

Cronbach’s alpha.

Split-half correlations adjusted with the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula.