Table 2.

Categories of responses obtained from structured observations

Category	Definition	Examples of responses to other’s emotional states
		Excitement (e.g. “I am looking forward to tomorrow!”)	Surprise (e.g. “Huh?”)
Empathic response	Child gives a relevant verbal response including an empathic reference to the other’s emotional state, or offers solutions to alleviate the other’s distress	- “That sounds like fun.” - “That’s nice.”	- “Is something wrong?” - “Do you see something hideous?”
Relevant response	Child gives a relevant verbal response, but response does not include an empathic reference to the other’s emotional state or solutions to alleviate the other’s distress	- Where are you going? - Why?	- “What do you see?”
Confirmatory response	Child briefly confirms that he/she has heard the other person	- Nodding, smiling - “Ok,” “Yes”	- Nodding - “Ok”
Attention without response	Child attends to the other person, but does not give a response	- Looking, but no response	- Looking, but no response
No response or irrelevant response	Child does not attend or respond to the other person, or gives an irrelevant or inappropriate response	- No attention or response - “Do you have a scale?”	- No attention or response - “I did not have any honey last time, that tasted good.”