Fig. 1.

Qualitative replication of the empirical results reported by Haggard et al.³. Each subject’s mean judgment error in the single-event baseline condition was subtracted from the mean judgment error for the corresponding event in the operant condition. This resulted in the values underneath the blocks that indicate the magnitude and direction to which the temporal perceptions shifted. A positive perceptual shift informs delayed awareness and a negative shift informs anticipated awareness. The action and outcome timings are perceived to shift towards each other in the voluntary condition. In contrast, they are perceived to repulse in the involuntary condition. There is no discernible perceptual shift in the sham condition