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. 2019 Sep 18;9:235. doi: 10.1038/s41398-019-0569-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Two-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA repeated measures with Tukey post hoc test were performed (males (M): N.Ch. Adnp^+/+ N = 28–29; N.Ch. Adnp^+/− N = 21–22; +Ch. Adnp^+/+ N = 6–7; +Ch. Adnp^+/− N = 4; +Ch. Adnp^+/+ PACAP N = 8–9; +Ch. Adnp^+/− PACAP N = 4; females (F): N.Ch. Adnp^+/+ N = 6–7; N.Ch. Adnp^+/− N = 6; +Ch. Adnp^+/+ N = 9; +Ch. Adnp^+/− N = 7; +Ch. Adnp^+/+ PACAP N = 8; +Ch. Adnp^+/− PACAP N = 7). For social recognition, significant differences between sniffing time of the cup (C) and mouse (M) are described. a Stressed-challenged males: main effects for group (F(4,20) = 3.464, p = 0.026) and sniffed item (F(1,20) = 20.076, p < 0.001) were found, with differences in Adnp^+/+ (*p < 0.05), and PACAP-treated Adnp^+/+ (***p < 0.001), and Adnp^+/− mice (**p < 0.01). Vehicle-treated males: main effect for sniffed item was found (F(1,16) = 7.505, p = 0.015), with differences in non-challenged Adnp^+/+ (**p < 0.01) and challenged Adnp^+/+ mice (*p < 0.05). For empty cup sniffing times, main genotype effect was found (F(1,19) = 4.706, p = 0.043), with significant difference between challenged Adnp^+/+ and Adnp^+/− mice (*p < 0.05). b Stressed-challenged females: main effect for sniffed item was found (F(1,27) = 21.931, p < 0.001), with differences in Adnp^+/+ (**p < 0.01), and PACAP-treated Adnp^+/+ (*p < 0.05), and Adnp^+/− mice (*p < 0.05). Vehicle-treated females: main effect for sniffed item was found (F(1,24) = 22.325, p < 0.001), with differences in non-challenged and challenged Adnp^+/+ mice (*p < 0.05). c Stressed-challenged males: main treatment (F(1,19) = 13.257, p = 0.002) and interaction (F(1,19) = 11.072, p = 0.004) effects were found, with differences between challenged PACAP- and vehicle-treated Adnp^+/− mice (***p < 0.001), and Adnp^+/+ vs. Adnp^+/− mice (*p < 0.05). Vehicle-treated males: main genotype effect (F(1,56) = 33.535, p < 0.001) was found, with differences between non-challenged Adnp^+/+ and Adnp^+/− mice (***p < 0.001), and challenged Adnp^+/+ vs. Adnp^+/− mice (*p < 0.05). d Stressed-challenged females: main interaction effect was found (F(1,27) = 7.507, p = 0.011), with differences between challenged PACAP- and vehicle-treated Adnp^+/− mice (*p < 0.05), and challenged Adnp^+/+ vs. Adnp^+/− mice (*p < 0.05). Vehicle-treated females: main genotype effect was found (F(1,25) = 11.477, p = 0.002), with differences between non-challenged Adnp^+/+ and Adnp^+/− mice (*p < 0.05), and challenged Adnp^+/+ vs. Adnp^+/− mice (*p < 0.05)