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. 2019 Sep 18;9:13513. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49824-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Exposure to enriched environment ameliorates the effects of stress if provided in juvenility, but not in adulthood. Group effects in the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) paradigms. (A) Total distance. In the EPM, both J + A and J + A + EE rats were less active compared to control and J + EE + A rats. (B) Anxiety index. In the OF and in the EPM, both J + A and J + A + EE rats exhibited higher anxiety index compared to control and J + EE + A rats. (C) Freezing behavior. In the OF, J + A rats spent more time freezing compared to control and J + EE + A rats. In the EPM, both J + A and J + A + EE rats spent more time freezing compared to control and J + EE + A rats. All values are mean ± SEM. Significant difference compared to control: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Significant difference from J + EE + A: ^$p < 0.05, ^$$p < 0.01, ^$$$p < 0.001.