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. 2019 Sep 12;10:1175. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01175

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Copyright © 2019 Merkel, Chen and George.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hypothetical Model of the vesicular trafficking of DMP1-GRP78 during endocytosis. The model shows that under stress conditions or a mineralization stimulus, GRP78 translocates from the ER to the plasma membrane to act a receptor for DMP1. The DMP1-GRP78 complex translocates intracellularly and moves from the early endosome to the late endosome with the help of Rabs 5 and 7, respectively, and recycling of GRP78 by Rab11. Nuclear translocation of DMP1 from the cytoplasm could be facilitated by importin alpha. In the nucleus, DMP1 can help with the transcription of genes responsible for osteoblast/odontoblast differentiation.