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. 2019 Sep 12;10:2170. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02170

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Copyright © 2019 Dekkema, Bijma, Jellema, Van Den Berg, Kroesen, Stegeman, Heeringa, Abdulahad and Sanders.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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_MTreg ADCY9 mRNA and cAMP levels are reduced in patients with GPA. ADCY9 mRNA levels were significantly lower in patients in remission (GPA) (A), but mRNA levels of ADCY9 did not correlate with miR-142-3p expression (B). In the cAMP cohort, cAMP levels were measured in _MTregs upon stimulation. cAMP levels in _MTregs were higher in healthy controls (HC) after 48 h stimulation (n = 10) than in GPA (n = 10) (C), and total cAMP production was significantly higher in HC than in GPA (D). Besides cAMP, FoxP3 expression was also higher in HC after stimulation (E) and FoxP3 levels correlated with cAMP (F). *p = 0.05–0.01, **p = 0.01–0.001.