Table 1.

Published clinical trials on BTC.

Single agent trials	Reference
Capecitabine	[4]
Docetaxel	[5, 6]
Erlotinib	[7]
Gemcitabine	[8, 9]
Irinotecan	[10]
MK2206	[11]
S-l	[12]
Sunitinib	[13]
Gemcitabine (Gem) combination based trials	Reference
Gem + capecitabine	[14–18]
Gem + cetuximab	[19]
Gem + cisplatin	[20–22]
Gem + docetaxel	[23]
Gem + oxaliplatin	[24–27]
Gem + oxaliplatin + bevacizumab	[28]
Gem + oxaliplatin + cetuximab	[29]
Gem + cisplatin + S-l	[30, 31]
Fluorouracil (5-FU) combination based trials	Reference
5-FU + cisplatin	[32]
5-FU + IFNα−2b	[33]
5-FU + leucovorin	[34–36]
5-FU + carboplatin + leucovorin	[37]
5-FU + cisplatin + epirubicin	[38]
5-FU + cisplatin + leucovorin	[39]
5-FU + doxorubicin + mitomycin C	[40]
5-FU + epirubicin + leucovorin + methotrexate	[41]
FOLFIRI + bevacizumab	[42]
Gemcitabine + 5-FU combination based trials	Reference
Gem + 5-FU + leucovorin	[43]
Gem + 5-FU + cisplatin + epirubicin	[44]
Gem + oxaliplatin + 5-FU	[45]
Other combination trials	Reference
Bevacizumab + erlotinib	[46]
Capecitabine + cisplatin	[47, 48]
Capecitabine + oxaliplatin	[49]
Capecitabine + cisplatin + epirubicin	[50]
S-l + oxaliplatin	[51]
S-l + valproic acid	[52]
2-arm Comparison trials	Reference
5-FU vs. 5-FU + doxorubicin + mitomycin C	[53]
Gem vs. Gem + 5-FU + leucovorin	[54]
Mitomycin C + Gem vs. mitomycin C + capecitabine	[55]
5-FU + etoposide + leucovorin vs. 5-FU + cisplatin + epirubicin,	[56]
Gem vs. Gem + cisplatin	[57–59]
Gem + oxaliplatin vs. Gem + oxaliplatin + erlotinib	[60, 61]
Gem + oxaliplatin vs. Gem + oxaliplatin + cetuximab	[62]
Gem vs. Gem + sorafenib	[63]
5-FU vs. capecitabine vs. 5-FU + irinotecan vs. 5-FU + oxaliplatin vs. 5-FU + cisplatin vs. sunitinib	[64]
S-l vs. S-l + Gem	[65]
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) vs. PDT + S-l	[66]

5-FU - fluorouracil, FOLFIRI - irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid, Gem - gemcitabine