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. 2019 Sep 18;2(9):e1911598. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11598

Table 3. Comparative Outcomes Between Groups Who Underwent Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy With and Without 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality Models, Mixed Model.

Characteristic	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
	Operative Time >199 min vs ≤199 min	Clamp Time >22 min vs ≤22 min	Estimated Blood Loss >200 mL vs ≤200 mL	Length of Stay
	Operative Time >199 min vs ≤199 min	Clamp Time >22 min vs ≤22 min	Estimated Blood Loss >200 mL vs ≤200 mL	2-5 d vs 1 d	3-5 d vs 1-2 d
Group (control vs intervention)	1.00 (0.37-2.70)	1.60 (0.79-3.23)	1.98 (1.04-3.78)^a	1.79 (0.84-3.86)	2.86 (1.59-5.14)^b
Nephrometry score	1.13 (0.77-1.65)	1.29 (1.03-1.63)^a	1.12 (0.82-1.53)	1.16 (1.06-1.27)^a	1.04 (0.85-1.28)
Age	NS	NS	NS	NS	1.07 (1.01-1.14)^a
Sex (male vs female)	2.20 (1.07-4.55)^a	NS	NS	NS	NS
Side (right vs left)	NS	NS	3.53 (2.05-6.10)^b	NS	NS
Fellow (no vs yes)	NS	NS	3.70 (1.01-13.6)^a	NS	NS
Surgeon experience	NS	5.22 (1.86-14.6)^b	NS	NS	NS

Abbreviation: NS, not sufficient (ie, the model did not yield sufficient data to report here).

^{^a}

P < .05.

^{^b}

P < .01.