Table. Demographics and Antibody Quantificationa.
| Characteristic | Controls From Minnesota (n = 745) | Patients From Minnesota and Ohio (n = 1207) | P Value | Patients From Minnesota (n = 792) | Patients From Ohio (n = 415) | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 44.5 (15.5) | 43.2 (15.1) | .09 | 43.9 (15.5) | 42.0 (14.2) | .05 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD)c | 28.9 (6.4) | 30.1 (7.1) | .001 | 29.7 (6.8) | 30.9 (7.6) | .01 |
| Female | 444 (59.6) | 742 (61.5) | .44 | 468 (59.1) | 274 (66.0) | .02 |
| Current smoker | 44 (5.9) | 289 (23.9) | <.001 | 173 (21.8) | 116 (27.9) | .04 |
| Educational level | ||||||
| Missing or other | 7 (0.9) | 42 (3.5) | .02 | 37 (4.7) | 5 (1.2) | .01 |
| Some high school or less | 6 (0.8) | 26 (2.2) | 16 (2.0) | 10 (2.4) | ||
| High school graduate or GED | 86 (11.5) | 146 (12.1) | 94 (11.9) | 52 (12.5) | ||
| Some college or associate degree | 227 (30.5) | 424 (35.1) | 261 (33.0) | 163 (39.3) | ||
| Vocational, technical, or business school | 72 (9.7) | 93 (7.7) | 70 (8.8) | 23 (5.5) | ||
| 4-y College graduate (bachelor's degree) | 191 (25.6) | 274 (22.7) | 167 (21.1) | 107 (25.8) | ||
| Graduate or professional school | 156 (20.9) | 202 (16.7) | 147 (18.6) | 55 (13.2) | ||
| Diagnosis | ||||||
| Bipolar disorder type I or SZA | NA | 843 (69.8) | NA | 532 (67.2) | 311 (74.9) | .02 |
| Bipolar disorder type II | NA | 364 (30.2) | 260 (32.8) | 104 (25.1) | ||
| Early onset | NA | 237 (19.6) | NA | 144 (18.2) | 93 (22.4) | .16 |
| Nonearly onset | NA | 911 (75.5) | 600 (75.8) | 311 (74.9) | ||
| Manic psychosis | NA | 401 (33.2) | NA | 273 (34.5) | 128 (30.8) | .006 |
| No psychosis | NA | 366 (30.3) | 213 (26.9) | 153 (36.9) | ||
| TATA-positive medicationsd | NA | 272 (22.5) | NA | 200 (25.3) | 72 (17.3) | .001 |
| Serologic test resultse | ||||||
| Toxoplasma gondii IgG positive | 100 (13.4) | 113 (9.4) | .01 | 80 (10.1) | 33 (8.0) | .26 |
| CMV IgG positive | 293 (39.3) | 536 (44.4) | .03 | 347 (43.8) | 189 (45.5) | .61 |
| IgM log z score, mean (SD) | ||||||
| T gondii | 0.63 (0.42) | 0.58 (0.39) | .01 | 0.57 (0.40) | 0.60 (0.39) | .30 |
| CMV | 0.62 (0.38) | 0.60 (0.38) | .23 | 0.60 (0.38) | 0.61 (0.38) | .86 |
| Measles IgG z score, mean (SD) | 1.96 (0.99) | 2.02 (1.00) | .16 | 2.0 (0.97) | 2.07 (1.04) | .29 |
| CRP z score, mean (SD) | 1.92 (0.96) | 2.05 (1.01) | .01 | 2.0 (1.02) | 2.14 (1.00) | .02 |
Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; CRP, C-reactive protein; GED, general education development; NA, not applicable; SZA, schizoaffective disorder; TATA, treatment with antitoxoplasmic activity.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of patients unless otherwise indicated.
b
P values were calculated using a t test for continuous and a χ2 test for categorical variables.
c
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
d
TATA-positive medications included valproate, haloperidol, risperidone, and paliperidone.
e
Unadjusted comparison of serologic measurements.