Table 3.
Prevalence of weaning-induced cardiac pulmonary edema (WiPO) and weaning-induced cardiac ischemia (WiCI) during the second spontaneous breathing trial (SBT)
| WiPO | All patients (n = 208) | Second SBT | p | Weaning outcome | p | |||
| Success (n = 76) | Failure (n = 132) | Simple (n = 51) | Difficult (n = 95) | Prolonged (n = 62) | ||||
| Liberal definition | 124 (59.6) | 35 (46.1) | 89 (67.4) | 0.002 | 30 (58.8) | 54 (56.8) | 40 (64.5) | 0.626 |
| Conservative definition | 44 (21.2) | 9 (11.8) | 35 (26.5) | 0.013 | 8 (15.7) | 22 (23.2) | 14 (22.6) | 0.524 |
| WiCI | All patients (n = 177) | Second SBT | p | Weaning outcome | p | |||
| Success (n = 64) | Failure (n = 113) | Simple (n = 43) | Difficult (n = 83) | Prolonged (n = 51) | ||||
| ESC 2012 | 36 (20.3) | 13 (20.3) | 23 (20.4) | 0.995 | 8 (18.6) | 15 (18.1) | 13 (25.5) | 0.555 |
| AHA 2013 | 12 (6.8) | 3 (4.7) | 9 (8.0) | 0.540 | 0 (0.0) | 5 (6.0) | 7 (13.7) | 0.029 |
SBT spontaneous breathing trial, WiPO weaning-induced cardiac pulmonary edema, WiCI weaning-induced cardiac ischemia, ESC European Society of Cardiology, AHA American Heart Association
Data are expressed as number of patients (percentage)
WiPO was defined as follows: conservative definition (at least two positive criteria) and liberal definition (at least one positive criterion). Criteria used for WiPO were as follows: (i) echocardiographic findings at the end of the SBT: E/A ratio > 0.95 and E/e’ ratio > 8.5; (ii) increase of BNP (≥ 48 ng/l) or NT-proBNP (≥ 21 ng/l) levels during the SBT; (iii) increase of protein level (> 6%) during the SBT. WiCI was defined as follows: (i) ESC 2012: ST elevation in two contiguous leads (≥ 0.10 mV in all leads other than V2–V3; ≥ 0.20 mV in V2–V3 in men ≥ 40 years; ≥ 0.25 mV in V2–V3 in men < 40 years; ≥ 0.15 mV in V2–V3 in women), or ST depression ≥ 0.05 mV in two contiguous leads; (ii) AHA 2013: ST elevation or depression ≥ 0.10 mV in two contiguous leads
Weaning outcome was defined as follows: short weaning (successful weaning or death within 1 day after the first SBT), difficult weaning (successful weaning or death after more than 1 day but in less than 7 days after the first SBT), and prolonged weaning (successful weaning or death after 7 days following the first SBT)