Table 2.
Predictors of hardened smokers among current smokers (aged ≥25 years) in 19 LMICs, GATS 2009–2013
|
Country (Survey Year) |
Argentina ( 2012 ) |
Bangladesh ( 2009 ) |
China ( 2010 ) |
Egypt ( 2009 ) |
India ( 2010 ) |
Indonesia ( 2011 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR ( 95% CI) | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 0.6 (0.3-1.1) | 0.7 (0.3-1.6) | 1.6 (1.0-2.6)* | 1.1 (0.5-2.6) | 1.7 (1.2-2.3)* | 1.8 (0.9-3.6) |
| Female | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Rural | NA | 1.4 (0.9-1.9) | 1.3 (0.9-1.7) | 0.6 (0.5-0.8) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 1.0 (0.6-1.5) |
| Age groups | ||||||
| 25–44 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 45–64 | 1.7 (0.6-4.8) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 2.1 (1.3-3.6)* | 1.2 (0.9-1.5) | 1.2 (1.0-1.5)* | 1.3 (1.0-1.8)* |
| 65+ | 2.3 (1.1-5.0)* | 1.1 (0.7-1.5) | 2.5 (1.6-3.9)* | 1.2 (0.9-1.5) | 1.7 (1.3-2.1)* | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) |
| Education | ||||||
| Low | 0.7 (0.3-2.1) | 3.3 (1.2-9.5)* | 1.1 (0.6-2.1) | 1.3 (1.0-1.6)* | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | 2.2 (1.1-4.3)* |
| Middle | 2.3 (0.8-6.4) | 3.4 (1.0-11.5)* | 1.6 (0.9-2.9) | 1.0 (0.6-1.6) | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) | 1.3 (0.7-2.5) |
| High | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Low | 2.1 (0.8-5.6) | 2.4 (1.5-3.8)* | 1.2 (0.7-2.0) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 1.2 (0.9-1.5) | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) |
| Middle | 0.8 (0.3-1.8) | 1.6 (1.0-2.7)* | 1.6 (1.1-2.4)* | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 1.1 (0.9-1.5) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) |
| High | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Knowledge of the danger of smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 1.6 (0.4-6.1) | 1.8 (0.9-3.8) | 0.9 (0.6-1.4) | 1.5 (0.8-2.7) | 1.6 (1.3-2.1)* | 1.1 (0.7-1.7) |