. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 19.

Published in final edited form as: Compr Physiol. 2015 Sep 20;5(4):1947–1969. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110003

Table 3.

Clinical Trials of Respiratory Muscle Training in Heart Failure

Investigator	n	NYHA	LVEF%	Protocol	Outcome
MANCINI	14	I-IV	22 ± 9	Isocapnic hyperpnea Resistive breathing at 30% Pi_max Strength training	Increase Pi_max Increase MVV Increase 6 min walk Increase VO_2max
WEINER	20	II-III	<30	Resistive breathing at 15%–60% Pi_max	Increase Pi_max Increase resp muscle endurance Increase 12 min walk test No change peak VO₂
LAOUTARIS	37	II-III	24 ± 1	60% Pi_max	Increase Pi_max Increase VO_2max Increase 6 min walk
DALL’AGO	32		<45	30% Pi_max	Increase Pi_max Increase VO_2max Increase 6 min walk
LAOUTARIS	38	II-III	28 ± 1	60%Pi_maxvs. 15% Pi_max (control)	Increase Pi_max Increase peak VO₂ Increase 6 min walk
LAOUTARIS	23	II-III	29 ± 1	60% Pi_max 15% Pi	Increase Pi_max Increase peak VO₂ Increase 6 min walk

Abbreviations: Pi_max, max. inspiratory pressure; VO_2max, max. aerobic capacity; MVV, max. voluntary ventilation.