Table 2. Associations between the occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) and the exposure to green areas, measured by the maximum NDVI in buffers of different sizes, stratified by income. Pró-Saúde study, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2006.
| NDVI in the buffers (meters) | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-income group (up to R$ 1,500.00) | 503 | |||
| Max NDVI (200) | ||||
| Q1 (0.034–0.217) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 114 |
| Q2 (0.218–0.314) | 0.87 (0.53–1.42) | 0.88 (0.53–1.46) | 0.88 (0.53–1.48) | 142 |
| Q3 (0.315–0.427) | 1.07 (0.64–1.77) | 1.071 (0.637–1.80) | 1.02 (0.60–1.72) | 126 |
| Q4 (0.428–0.699) | 0.82 (0.49–1.37) | 0.74 (0.43–1.26) | 0.72 (0.42–1.24) | 120 |
| Max NDVI (400) | ||||
| Q1 (0.124–0.361) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 144 |
| Q2 (0.362–0.457) | 0.76 (0.48–1.22) | 0.81 (0.50–1.31) | 0.78 (0.48–1.27) | 137 |
| Q3 (0.458–0.535) | 0.97 (0.57–1.57) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | 0.99 (0.58–1.67) | 105 |
| Q4 (0.536–0.714) | 0.63 (0.39–1.04) | 0.62 (0.37–1.03) | 0.59 (0.35–0.99) | 116 |
| Max NDVI (1,500) | ||||
| Q1 (0.347–0.564) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 165 |
| Q2 (0.565–0.608) | 0.81 (0.50–1.29) | 0.811 (0.50–1.32) | 0.78 (0.48–1.28) | 121 |
| Q3 (0.609–0.669) | 0.56 (0.35–0.88) | 0.542 (0.34–0.87) | 0.53 (0.33–0.86) | 138 |
| Q4 (0.670–0.737) | 0.54 (0.31–0.93) | 0.53 (0.31–0.93) | 0.52 (0.30–0.91) | 79 |
| Intermediate-income group (R$ 1,501.00–R$ 2,500.00) | 1,060 | |||
| Max NDVI (200) | ||||
| Q1 (0.034–0.217) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 288 |
| Q2 (0.218–0.314) | 0.67 (0.47–0.96) | 0.67 (0.47–0.97) | 0.68 (0.47–0.97) | 271 |
| Q3 (0.315–0.427) | 1.28 (0.91–1.80) | 1.26 (0.89–1.79) | 1.23 (0.86–1.76) | 258 |
| Q4 (0.428–0.699) | 0.87 (0.61–1.24) | 0.85 (0.59–1.22) | 0.88 (0.61–1.28) | 243 |
| Max NDVI (400) | ||||
| Q1 (0.124–0.361) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 290 |
| Q2 (0.362–0.457) | 1.13 (0.80–1.59) | 1.08 (0.76–1.54) | 1.06 (0.75–1.52) | 269 |
| Q3 (0.458–0.535) | 1.08 (0.77–1.51) | 1.083 (0.77–1.53) | 1.09 (0.77–1.55) | 287 |
| Q4 (0.536–0.714) | 0.77 (0.53–1.12) | 0.74 (0.51–1.10) | 0.77 (0.52–1.14) | 213 |
| Max NDVI (1,500) | ||||
| Q1 (0.347–0.564) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 328 |
| Q2 (0.565–0.608) | 0.95 (0.68–1.33) | 0.99 (0.70–1.40) | 1.03 (0.72–1.46) | 261 |
| Q3 (0.609–0.669) | 0.912 (0.65–1.30) | 0.91 (0.64–1.30) | 0.92 (0.65–1.32) | 247 |
| Q4 (0.670–0.737) | 0.90 (0.63–1.29) | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) | 0.95 (0.66–1.38) | 224 |
| Higher-income group (above R$ 2,500.00) | 1,010 | |||
| Max NDVI (200) | ||||
| Q1 (0.034–0.217) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 239 |
| Continue | ||||
| Q2 (0.218–0.314) | 0.75 (0.50–1.12) | 0.76 (0.51–1.13) | 0.740 (0.49–1.11) | 232 |
| Q3 (0.315–0.427) | 0.79 (0.54–1.17) | 0.80 (0.54–1.17) | 0.79 (0.54–1.17) | 259 |
| Q4 (0.428–0.699) | 0.94 (0.64–1.36) | 0.94 (0.64–1.36) | 0.98 (0.67–1.44) | 280 |
| Max NDVI (400) | ||||
| Q1 (0.124–0.361) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 210 |
| Q2 (0.362–0.457) | 0.73 (0.48–1.10) | 0.73 (0.48–1.09) | 0.725 (0.48–1.10) | 236 |
| Q3 (0.458–0.535) | 0.81 (0.55–1.21) | 0.83 (0.55–1.24) | 0.84 (0.56–1.27) | 250 |
| Q4 (0.536–0.714) | 0.87 (0.59–1.26) | 0.87 (0.59–1.27) | 0.92 (0.63–1.35) | 314 |
| Max NDVI (1,500) | ||||
| Q1 (0.347–0.564) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 173 |
| Q2 (0.565–0.608) | 0.72 (0.47–1.09) | 0.71 (0.47–1.09) | 0.71 (0.47–1.10) | 241 |
| Q3 (0.609–0.669) | 0.77 (0.51–1.17) | 0.77 (0.51–1.17) | 0.78 (0.52–1.20) | 256 |
| Q4 (0.670–0.737) | 0.73 (0.49–1.08) | 0.74 (0.50–1.10) | 0.79 (0.53–1.18) | 339 |
Max NDVI: maximum normalized difference vegetation index; OR: odds ratio.
a Gross OR.
b OR adjusted by sex and age.
c OR adjusted by sex, age, and physical activity.