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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Small. 2019 Apr 29;15(23):e1805510. doi: 10.1002/smll.201805510

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Cell sources for bioprinting. (A) Schematic overview of most common cell types used for bioprinting applications. (B) Bright-field and fluorescence images of multi-cellular constructs fabricated using inkjet bioprinting containing BAECs (green-labeled), human AFSCs (blue-labeled), and canine SMCs (red-labeled). (C) Microscopic image of microstructure of the multi-cellular construct. (D) Gross view of the multi-cellular construct 2 weeks after implantation in a mouse model. Reproduced with permission from ref.[128]. (E) Fluorescence and bright-field images of labeled iPSC-derived hepatocytes in green and a mixture of HUVECs and ASCs in red forming characteristic hepatic hexagon structures bioprinted by stereolithography. Reproduced with permission from ref.[135]. (F) Self-organized embryoids from iPSCs bioprinted in a supporting hydrogel matrix consisting of alginate, chitosan, and agarose (from left to right: 0 min, 350 min, 890 min and 1290 min. (G) Immunofluorescence staining in 3D-bioprinted embryoids of MAP2, GFAP, and GABA expressions as well as depth coding along z-axis from 0–47 μm. Reproduced with permission from ref.[136]. (H) Confocal images of a bioprinted blood vessel after long-term perfusion in a thick tissue construct. HUVECs appear in red and HNDFs in green. (I) Confocal microscope image of a 1 cm-thick vascularized osteogenic tissue construct containing HUVECs, HNDFs, and hMSCs. Reproduced with permission from ref.[140].