Table 1. Characteristics of outpatients presenting to CRT-HF clinic.
| Responders (n = 76) |
Non-Responders (n = 49) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 69 (13) | 67 (13) | 0.36 |
| Male, n (%) | 40 (53) | 35 (71) | 0.06 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29 (7) | 31 (9) | 0.31 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.18 | ||
| Black | 9 (12) | 7 (14) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | |
| White | 67 (88) | 40 (82) | |
| Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 56 (74) | 30 (61) | 0.20 |
| ACC/AHA heart failure stage, n (%) | 1.00 | ||
| B | 4 (5) | 5 (10) | |
| C | 72 (95) | 42 (86) | |
| D | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | |
| New York Heart Association class at time of CRT-HF clinic visit, n (%) | 1.00 | ||
| I | 15 (20) | 7 (14) | |
| II | 38 (50) | 25 (51) | |
| III | 23 (30) | 11 (22) | |
| IV | 0 (0) | 6 (12) | |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 56 (74) | 34 (69) | 0.75 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 31 (41) | 11 (22) | 0.05 |
| Myocardial infarction | 18 (24) | 16 (33) | 0.37 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 30 (39) | 25 (51) | 0.28 |
| Ventricular tachycardia | 14 (18) | 15 (31) | 0.17 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1 (1) | 3 (6) | 0.33 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 5 (7) | 1 (2) | 0.47 |
| Stroke | 6 (8) | 5 (10) | 0.90 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or Emphysema | 5 (7) | 8 (16) | 0.15 |
| Depression | 15 (20) | 3 (6) | 0.06 |
| Dementia | 3 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.42 |
| Hypothyroidism | 12 (16) | 8 (16) | 1.00 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.23 | ||
| None | 63 (83) | 38 (78) | |
| Mild renal insufficiency (GFR 60–89) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Moderate renal insufficiency (GFR 30–59) | 7 (9) | 9 (18) | |
| Severe renal insufficiency (GFR 15–29) | 4 (5) | 1 (2) | |
| Renal failure (GFR < 15 ml/min or patient on HD) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Heart failure medications | |||
| Beta blocker | 74 (97) | 44 (90) | 0.16 |
| ACE inhibitor | 28 (37) | 18 (37) | 1.00 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 17 (22) | 8 (16) | 0.55 |
| Loop diuretic | 57 (75) | 33 (67) | 0.47 |
| Thiazide diuretic | 3 (4) | 3 (6) | 0.90 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 29 (38) | 27 (55) | 0.09 |
| Vasodilator | 18 (24) | 11 (22) | 1.00 |
| Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor | 16 (21) | 11 (22) | 1.00 |
| Functionality and Quality of Life | |||
| Six minute walk distance, feet, mean (SD) | 1076 (482) | 1066 (377) | 0.90 |
| Problems with mobility9 (EQ-5D), n (%) | 36 (47) | 24 (49) | 1.00 |
| Problems with self-care (EQ-5D), n (%) | 10 (13) | 6 (12) | 1.00 |
| Problems with usual activities (EQ-5D), n (%) | 22 (29) | 16 (33) | 0.81 |
| Problems with pain or discomfort (EQ-5D), n (%) | 34 (45) | 22 (45) | 1.00 |
| Problems with anxiety or depression (EQ-5D), n (%) | 25 (33) | 12 (24) | 0.42 |
| Visual analogue scale*, mean (SD) | 72 (17) | 71 (18) | 0.63 |