Table 3. Results of univariable regression in 83,751 study participants in the UKBB for right and left eye corneal astigmatism.
Significant associations are highlighted in bold. P values for B coefficients are derived from a t-test. 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.
| Description | Right eye univariable B (95% CI) |
P value | Left eye univariable B (95% CI) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | -0.004 (-0.004 to -0.003) | <0.001 | -0.004 (-0.005 to -0.004) | <0.001 |
| Sex (Ref = F) | -0.070 (-0.079 to -0.061) | <0.001 | -0.080 (-0.089 to -0.071) | <0.001 |
|
Ethnicity (Ref = white) asian |
-0.081 (-0.104 to -0.058) | <0.001 | -0.102 (-0.126 to -0.079) | <0.001 |
| black | -0.061 (-0.086 to -0.036) | <0.001 | -0.068 (-0.093 to -0.043) | <0.001 |
| mixed | -0.017 (-0.063 to 0.028) | 0.45 | -0.018 (-0.064 to 0.028) | 0.447 |
| chinese | -0.022 (-0.089 to 0.044) | 0.515 | -0.040 (-0.108 to 0.027) | 0.243 |
| Age completed full time education | 0.004 (0.002 to 0.006) | 0.001 | 0.005 (0.003 to 0.007) | <0.001 |
| Skin colour, lighter to darker* | -0.029 (-0.034 to -0.024) | <0.001 | -0.030 (-0.035 to -0.026) | <0.001 |
| Use of UV protection | 0.017 (0.013 to 0.022) | <0.001 | 0.016 (0.011 to 0.020) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol intake, never to daily** | -0.009 (-0.012 to -0.006) | <0.001 | -0.009 (-0.012 to -0.007) | <0.001 |
| Season of assessment (baseline = spring) autumn |
-0.005 (-0.016 to 0.006) | 0.387 | -0.011 (-0.023 to 0.000) | 0.055 |
| winter | -0.007 (-0.019 to 0.004) | 0.212 | -0.006 (-0.018 to 0.006) | 0.324 |
| summer | 0.017 (0.005 to 0.029) | 0.005 | 0.014 (0.002 to 0.026) | 0.026 |
| Corneal-compensated IOP, mmHg | -0.006 (-0.007 to -0.005) | <0.001 | -0.007 (-0.008 to -0.006) | <0.001 |
| Corneal resistance factor | -0.003 (-0.005 to -0.002) | <0.001 | -0.001 (-0.003 to 0.001) | 0.35 |
| Corneal hysteresis | 0.003 (0.001 to 0.005) | 0.004 | 0.006 (0.004 to 0.007) | <0.001 |
| Height, m | -0.002 (-0.002 to -0.002) | <0.001 | -0.002 (-0.002 to -0.001) | <0.001 |
| Weight, 10 kg | -0.000 (-0.001 to -0.000) | 0.012 | -0.000 (-0.001 to -0.000) | 0.044 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.001 (0.000 to 0.002) | 0.021 | 0.001 (0.000 to 0.002) | 0.011 |
| SBP, mmHg | -0.001 (-0.001 to -0.001) | <0.001 | -0.001 (-0.001 to -0.001) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | -0.001 (-0.001 to -0.000) | 0.001 | -0.001 (-0.001 to -0.000) | <0.001 |
| Townsend deprivation index | 0.003 (0.001 to 0.004) | <0.001 | 0.003 (0.002 to 0.005) | <0.001 |
| Smoker (baseline = false) | -0.011 (-0.025 to 0.004) | 0.144 | -0.012 (-0.026 to 0.003) | 0.112 |
| Age Asthma Diagnosed, self-reported | -0.001 (-0.002 to -0.000) | 0.014 | -0.001 (-0.002 to -0.000) | 0.014 |
| Diabetes, doctor diagnosed (baseline = false) | -0.023 (-0.042 to -0.004) | 0.018 | -0.006 (-0.025 to 0.014) | 0.561 |
* Skin colour is coded as: very fair = 1, fair = 2, light olive = 3, dark olive = 4, brown = 5, black = 6
** Alcohol intake is coded as: never = 0, special occasions = 1, one to three times a month = 2, once twice a week = 3, three four times a week = 4, daily = 5.