Table 4. Results of multivariable regression in 83,751 study participants in the UKBB for right and left eye corneal astigmatism.
Only parameters that were significant in the univariable regression were included in the multivariable regression. Significant associations are highlighted in bold. P values for B coefficients are derived from a t-test. 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.
| Description | Right eye multivariable B (95% CI) |
P value | Left eye multivariable B (95% CI) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | -0.004 (-0.004 to -0.003) | <0.001 | -0.004 (-0.004 to -0.003) | <0.001 |
| Sex (Ref = F) | -0.053 (-0.070 to -0.037) | <0.001 | -0.079 (-0.095 to -0.062) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity (Ref = white) asian | -0.026 (-0.065 to 0.014) | 0.208 | -0.072 (-0.113 to -0.032) | <0.001 |
| black | 0.015 (-0.030 to 0.061) | 0.508 | -0.018 (-0.064 to 0.028) | 0.448 |
| mixed | -0.064 (-0.126 to -0.002) | 0.044 | -0.032 (-0.095 to 0.032) | 0.327 |
| chinese | -0.088 (-0.188 to 0.012) | 0.085 | -0.079 (-0.181 to 0.023) | 0.127 |
| Age completed full time education | 0.005 (0.002 to 0.007) | <0.001 | 0.005 (0.003 to 0.008) | <0.001 |
| Skin colour, lighter to darker* | -0.033 (-0.042 to -0.024) | <0.001 | -0.028 (-0.037 to -0.019) | <0.001 |
| Use of UV protection | 0.007 (0.001 to 0.013) | 0.031 | 0.000 (-0.006 to 0.007) | 0.901 |
| Alcohol intake, never to daily** | -0.008 (-0.012 to -0.004) | <0.001 | -0.007 (-0.011 to -0.003) | <0.001 |
| Corneal-compensated IOP, mmHg | -0.005 (-0.006 to -0.004) | <0.001 | -0.006 (-0.008 to -0.005) | <0.001 |
| Corneal resistance factor | -0.006 (-0.008 to -0.003) | <0.001 | ||
| Corneal hysteresis | -0.003 (-0.005 to -0.000) | 0.037 | ||
| Height, m | -0.001 (-0.002 to -0.000) | 0.042 | -0.000 (-0.001 to 0.001) | 0.742 |
| SBP, mmHg | -0.000 (-0.000 to 0.000) | 0.702 | -0.000 (-0.001 to 0.000) | 0.258 |
| DBP, mmHg | 0.001 (0.000 to 0.002) | 0.021 | 0.001 (0.000 to 0.001) | 0.038 |
| Townsend deprivation index | 0.004 (0.002 to 0.006) | <0.001 | 0.004 (0.002 to 0.006) | <0.001 |
* Skin colour is coded as: very fair = 1, fair = 2, light olive = 3, dark olive = 4, brown = 5, black = 6
** Alcohol intake is coded as: never = 0, special occasions = 1, one to three times a month = 2, once twice a week = 3, three four times a week = 4, daily = 5.