Figure 1.

Inhibition of Arabidopsis root growth by ES2 and ES2-14. A, Molecular structures of ES2 and ES2-14. B, Representative images of 10-d-old Arabidopsis seedlings grown on one-half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 0.1% DMSO or different concentrations of ES2 and ES2-14. Bars = 1 cm. C, A time-course assay for root growth in Arabidopsis seedlings grown on one-half strength MS media with different concentrations of ES2 and ES2-14 at the indicated time points. Data represent the mean ± sd from three independent replicates (n = 15). Statistically significant differences were determined by one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05) with regard to root length of Arabidopsis seedlings at 10 d.