Table I.
Subject Characteristics
| Control (n=10) | Overweight (n=9) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 11.5 ± 2.7 | 14.4 ± 2.2 | 0.02 |
| Race | |||
| White | 4 (40%) | 9 (100%) | 0.01 |
| Asian | 4 (40%) | 0 (0%) | |
| More than one race | 2 (20%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Ethnicity – Hispanic | 2 (20%) | 6 (67%) | 0.07 |
| Sex – Male | 6 (60%) | 7 (78%) | 0.63 |
| Body Mass Index z-score | −0.21 ± 0.47 | 3.74 ± 1.35 | <0.001 |
| Weight z-score | −0.04 ± 0.74 | 3.42 ± 1.55 | <0.001 |
| Height z-score | 0.21 ± 1.42 | 0.37 ± 1.01 | 0.87 |
| Subscapular skinfold percentile | |||
| < 10% | 1 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0.001 |
| ≥10% and ≤90% | 9 (90%) | 2 (22%) | |
| > 90% | 0 (0%) | 7 (78%) | |
| Tricep skinfold percentile | |||
| < 10% | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| ≥10% and ≤90% | 10 (100%) | 2 (22%) | |
| > 90% | 0 (0%) | 7 (78%) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 64 ± 8 | 109 ± 16 | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.43 ± 0.04 | 0.66 ± 0.05 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Insulin resistance | 0 (0%) | 5 (56%) | 0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Family history of metabolic diseasesa | 4 (40%) | 7 (78%) | 0.17 |
| Subcutaneous Fat Volume, cm3 | 893 ± 397 | 7663 ± 3325 | p<0.001 |
| Visceral Fat Volume, cm3 | 329 ± 96 | 1843 ± 937 | p<0.001 |
| Subcutaneous PDFF, % | 75.3 ± 14.9 | 89.0 ± 3.9 | 0.003 |
| Visceral PDFF, % | 44.8 ± 11.2 | 80.2 ± 3.6 | p<0.001 |
| Hepatic PDFF, % | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 21.9 ± 13.0 | p<0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).
a
Family history of metabolic diseases was defined as having at least one of the following: diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, or NAFLD.