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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 6.
Published before final editing as: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2019 Feb 6:10.1109/TBME.2019.2897952. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2019.2897952

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Volume-pressure relationship in the left ventricle during one cardiac cycle simulated via the closed-loop model. The model captures the four phases of ventricular function: ventricular filling (phase a), isovolumetric contraction (phase b), ejection (phase c), and isovolumetric relaxation (phase d) [41].