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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care Res Rev. 2019 Mar 19;77(6):620–629. doi: 10.1177/1077558719835049

Table 2.

Demographic and Health Characteristics of Medicare Beneficiaries Receiving Home Health Agency Services in Assisted Living and Other Home Settings (2014).

Beneficiaries
receiving HHA
services in AL
(N= 362,823)
Beneficiaries receiving
HHA services in
other home settings
(N = 3,219,487)
Total
(N = 3,582,310)
Characteristics n (%)/M (SD) n (%)/M (SD) n (%)/M (SD)
Age
 65-69 17,272 (4.8) 490,492 (15.2) 507,764 (14.2)
 70-74 23,434 (6.5) 568,023 (17.6) 591,457 (16.5)
 75-79 35,334 (9.7) 597,131 (18.5) 632,465 (17.7)
 80-84 64,275 (17.7) 616,452 (19.1) 680,727 (19.0)
 85+ 222,508 (61.3) 947,389 (29.4) 1,169,897 (32.7)
Sex
 Female 253,607 (69.9) 1,977,509 (61.4) 2,231,116 (62.3)
 Male 109,216 (30.1) 1,241,957 (38.6) 1,351,173 (37.7)
Racea
 White 330,675 (91.1) 2,494,733 (77.5) 2,825,408 (78.9)
 Black 13,992 (3.9) 377,523 (11.7) 391,515 (10.9)
 Hispanic 11,505 (3.2) 236,056 (7.3) 247,561 (6.9)
 Asian/Pacific Islander 4,264 (1.2) 69,526 (2.2) 73,790 (2.1)
 Native American 701 (0.2) 10,305 (0.3) 11,006 (0.3)
 Other/unknown 1,171 (0.3) 19,014 (0.6) 20,185 (0.6)
Insurance
 Full duals 71,940 (19.8) 597,818 (18.6) 669,758 (18.7)
 Partial duals 5,136 (1.4) 187,061 (5.8) 192,197 (5.4)
Cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric impairments
 Memory deficit 168,730 (46.5) 489,210 (15.2) 657,940 (18.4)
 Impaired decision 157,586 (43.4) 612,119 (19.0) 769,705 (21.5)
 Verbal disruption 14,292 (3.9) 32,547 (1.0) 46,839 (1.3)
 Physical aggression 9,195 (2.5) 15,466 (0.5) 24,661 (0.7)
 Socially inappropriate 8,089 (2.2) 15,372 (0.5) 23,461 (0.7)
 Delusional 10,578 (2.9) 30,114 (0.9) 40,692 (1.1)
 None of the above 145,730 (40.2) 2,383,528 (74.0) 2,529,258 (70.6)
ADL impairments
 Grooming 326,954 (90.1) 2,686,997 (83.5) 3,013,951 (84.1)
 Dressing upper 335,858 (92.6) 2,828,068 (87.8) 3,163,926 (88.3)
 Dressing lower 342,353 (94.4) 2,938,436 (91.3) 3,280,789 (91.6)
 Bathing 359,903 (99.2) 3,146,136 (97.7) 3,506,039 (97.9)
 Toileting transfer 302,902 (83.5) 2,350,065 (73.0) 2,652,967 (74.1)
 Toileting hygiene 317,454 (87.5) 2,520,289 (78.3) 2,837,743 (79.2)
 Transferring 344,454 (94.9) 2,934,075 (91.1) 3,278,529 (91.5)
 Ambulation/locomotion 356,690 (98.3) 3,096,782 (96.2) 3,453,472 (96.4)
 Feeding 262,324 (72.3) 1,902,944 (59.1) 2,165,268 (60.4)
Discharged during the past 14 days
 Skilled nursing facility 63,363 (17.5) 575,757 (17.9) 639,120 (17.8)
 Short-stay acute hospital 70,577 (19.5) 1,511,689 (47.0) 1,582,266 (44.2)
 Other 23,261 (6.4) 268,312 (8.3) 291,573 (8.1)
 No inpatient discharge 212,223 (58.5) 982,199 (30.5) 1,194,422 (33.3)
Provider characteristics ownership type
 For-profit 264,371 (72.9) 1,801,776 (56.0) 2,066,147 (57.7)
 Nonprofit 91,569 (25.2) 1,317,923 (40.9) 1,409,492 (39.4)
 Government 6,733 (1.9) 99,158 (3.1) 105,891 (3.0)
Rurality
 Urban 322,010 (88.8) 2,683,003 (83.3) 3,005,013 (83.9)
 Rural 33,275 (9.2) 445,337 (13.8) 478,612 (13.4)
 Super rural 7,538 (2.1) 91,100 (2.8) 98,638 (2.8)
Total number of episodes (non-LUPA) 2,002.2 (3,434.5) 2,779.0 (6,017.9) 2,700.3 (5,813.3)
Number of dual eligible beneficiaries 343.1 (949.0) 575.0 (1,801.8) 551.7 (1,736.4)
Average age of beneficiaries 78.9 (3.3) 77.1 (2.7) 77.2 (2.9)
Number of years certified 21.9 (13.6) 26.2 (14.2) 25.8 (14.2)

Note. Differences between settings tested using chi-square analyses and are statistically significant at p < .001. Numbers represent person-years. HHA = home health agency; AL = assisted living; LUPA = low utilization payment adjustment.

a

Race was defined using the RTI algorithm.