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. 2019 Sep 19;9:13560. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49877-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Population flowchart and study design. SIDIAP includes subjects that have interacted with the Catalan public health system (~74% of the total Catalan population). The study selected all CRC patients in the period 2010–2015 aged 18 to 90 years. Cases were incident diagnosis of colon or rectum (ICD-10 codes C18, C19, and C20). For each case, 5 matched controls of the same sex, age ± 5 years and health area were selected and assigned the case diagnosis date as index date for exposure assessment. Appendix cancer (C18.1) cases were excluded.