Table 3.
Tegument proteins that inhibit the RIG-I pathway.
| Protein | Virus | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3 | HSV-1 | Interacts with and hyperphosphorylates IRF3 to prevent IRF3 activation | (69) |
| US11 | HSV-1 | Binds to RIG-I and MDA5 inhibits their downstream signaling pathway | (70) |
| UL36 (VP1-2) | HSV-1 | Deubiquitinates TRAF3 to prevent the recruitment of TBK1 | (71) |
| UL37 | HSV-1 | Blocks RNA-induced activation by targeting RIG-I | (67) |
| RL1 (ICP34.5) | HSV-1 | Binds to and sequesters TBK1 | (72) |
| Controls IRF3 activation by reversing translational shutoff and sustaining the expression of other IFN inhibitors | (73) | ||
| UL46 | HSV-1 | Blocks the interaction of TBK1 and IRF3 and inhibits the dimerization of TBK1 | (74) |
| UL48 (VP16) | HSV-1 | Blocks MAVS-Pex-mediated early ISG production | (75) |
| ORF61 | VZV | Degrades activated IRF3 | (76) |
| ORF47 | VZV | Prevents IRF3 homodimerization and subsequent induction of IFN-β and ISG15 | (77) |
| UL41 | HSV-2 | Inhibits RIG-I and MDA-5 as well as IRF3 dimerization and translocation | (52) |
| ORF62(IE62) | VZV | Blocks the phosphorylation of serine residues 396, 398, and 402 in IRF3 | (78) |
| UL54(ICP27) | HSV-2 | Inhibit IRF3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation | (79) |